Fig. 1.

Combined effects of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration (median of the tertile group given in parentheses) and dietary calcium intake (, low calcium, median 579 mg/d; , medium calcium, median 858 mg/d; , high calcium, median 1233 mg/d) on the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among non-diabetic adults (n 3404) aged 18–75 years from the Victorian Health Monitor survey, May 2009–April 2010. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), with the upper limit (UL) of the 95 % confidence interval represented by vertical bars, adjusted for age, gender, country of birth, income, education, smoking, season, physical activity level, weight, alcohol, dietary fibre, magnesium, retinol and energy intake. ‘Ref.’ indicates that the lowest 25(OH)D and lowest calcium tertile served as the reference group; *significant in comparison to reference group at 5 % significance level