Table 2.

Odds ratio of having metabolic syndrome by tertiles of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration among non-diabetic adults (n 3404) aged 18–75 years from the Victorian Health Monitor survey, May 2009–April 2010

	Crude model		Model 1		Model 2
	COR	95 % CI	AOR	95 % CI	AOR	95 % CI
25(OH)D, continuous (10 nmol/l)	0·87	0·82, 0·92	0·82	0·78, 0·85	0·85	0·80, 0·89
P value	<0·001		<0·001		<0·001
25(OH)D tertile
Low 25(OH)D (33 nmol/l)†	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Medium 25(OH)D (54 nmol/l)†	0·87	0·66, 1·14	0·69*	0·52, 0·90	0·77	0·58, 1·04
High 25(OH)D (77 nmol/l)†	0·40*	0·29, 0·56	0·29*	0·22, 0·38	0·35*	0·26, 0·48
P value for trend	<0·001		<0·001		<0·001

COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; Ref., lowest 25(OH)D tertile served as the reference group.

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, country of birth, income, education, smoking and season.

Model 2: adjusted for model 1 covariates plus energy intake, physical activity level, body weight, alcohol, dietary fibre, Mg, Ca and retinol.

^*Significant in comparison to the reference group at 5 % significance level.

^†Median of the tertile group.