Table 2.
Dietary factors of children at the age of 6–8 years, the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study, Kuopio, Finland, 2007–2009
| All children (n 367) | Girls (n 179) | Boys (n 188) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value* | |
| Diet quality | |||||||
| Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index | 23·0 | 7·0 | 23·5 | 6·5 | 22·5 | 7·4 | 0·257 |
| Food consumption | |||||||
| High-fibre grain products (g/MJ) | 9·3 | 5·8 | 9·3 | 5·9 | 9·3 | 5·8 | 0·999 |
| Low-fibre grain products (g/MJ) | 16·5 | 7·1 | 16·8 | 6·6 | 16·1 | 7·6 | 0·328 |
| Potatoes (g/MJ) | 11·3 | 6·4 | 11·6 | 6·7 | 11·1 | 6·2 | 0·505 |
| Vegetables (g/MJ) | 14·7 | 8·5 | 15·7 | 8·9 | 13·9 | 8·1 | 0·042 |
| Fruit and berries (g/MJ) | 16·2 | 12·7 | 17·6 | 13·2 | 14·7 | 12·1 | 0·029 |
| Skimmed milk (g/MJ) | 57·5 | 42·7 | 55·9 | 42·3 | 59·0 | 43·0 | 0·487 |
| Milk, ≥1 % fat (g/MJ) | 25·2 | 30·0 | 26·2 | 30·7 | 24·2 | 29·4 | 0·534 |
| Low-fat sour milk products, <1 % fat (g/MJ) | 2·8 | 7·9 | 3·1 | 8·4 | 2·6 | 7·4 | 0·546 |
| Sour milk products, ≥1 % fat (g/MJ) | 12·2 | 10·8 | 12·0 | 10·2 | 12·3 | 11·4 | 0·817 |
| Cheese (g/MJ) | 2·2 | 2·1 | 2·2 | 2·1 | 2·1 | 2·2 | 0·624 |
| Red meat (g/MJ) | 8·4 | 4·5 | 8·2 | 4·4 | 8·5 | 4·7 | 0·534 |
| Sausages (g/MJ) | 3·3 | 3·3 | 2·7 | 2·8 | 3·8 | 3·7 | 0·001 |
| Poultry (g/MJ) | 2·5 | 3·1 | 2·5 | 3·3 | 2·4 | 3·0 | 0·671 |
| Fish (g/MJ) | 2·3 | 3·1 | 2·3 | 3·0 | 2·4 | 3·3 | 0·695 |
| Vegetable oils (g/MJ) | 0·6 | 0·6 | 0·5 | 0·5 | 0·6 | 0·6 | 0·320 |
| Vegetable oil-based margarines, 60–80 % fat (g/MJ) | 1·0 | 1·1 | 1·1 | 1·1 | 1·0 | 1·1 | 0·400 |
| Vegetable oil-based margarines, <60 % fat (g/MJ) | 0·6 | 1·1 | 0·5 | 0·9 | 0·7 | 1·2 | 0·230 |
| Butter or butter–oil mixtures (g/MJ) | 0·9 | 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·9 | 0·9 | 1·1 | 0·544 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (g/MJ) | 19·5 | 17·5 | 19·1 | 17·5 | 19·9 | 17·6 | 0·633 |
| Fruit juices (g/MJ) | 5·8 | 10·6 | 5·7 | 9·4 | 5·9 | 11·7 | 0·885 |
| Sweets and chocolate (g/MJ) | 4·4 | 3·5 | 4·1 | 3·2 | 4·7 | 3·8 | 0·120 |
| Energy and nutrient intakes | |||||||
| Energy (MJ) | 6·9 | 1·3 | 6·5 | 1·2 | 7·3 | 1·3 | <0·001 |
| Total fat (E%) | 29·9 | 5·1 | 29·6 | 4·9 | 30·1 | 5·2 | 0·417 |
| SFA (E%) | 12·1 | 2·8 | 12·0 | 2·8 | 12·2 | 2·9 | 0·607 |
| MUFA (E%) | 9·9 | 1·9 | 9·8 | 1·8 | 10·0 | 1·9 | 0·263 |
| PUFA (E%) | 4·9 | 1·3 | 4·9 | 1·3 | 5·0 | 1·3 | 0·510 |
| Protein (E%) | 16·7 | 2·5 | 16·7 | 2·4 | 16·8 | 2·6 | 0·598 |
| Carbohydrates (E%) | 52·0 | 5·1 | 52·3 | 4·7 | 51·8 | 5·5 | 0·284 |
| Sucrose (E%) | 12·7 | 3·6 | 12·7 | 3·3 | 12·7 | 3·8 | 0·789 |
| Fibre (g/MJ) | 2·1 | 0·6 | 2·2 | 0·6 | 2·1 | 0·6 | 0·086 |
| Eating frequency | |||||||
| Number of main meals daily | 2·7 | 0·3 | 2·7 | 0·3 | 2·8 | 0·3 | 0·060 |
| Number of snacks daily | 2·7 | 0·9 | 2·7 | 0·9 | 2·8 | 0·9 | 0·328 |
E%, percentage of energy intake.
*
Differences between girls and boys were assessed using Student’s t test.