Table 3.
Associations between health literacy, sociodemographic factors and fruit and vegetable intake, identified in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, among adult participants (n 1111) residing in the rural Grampians region, Victoria, Australia, February–September 2015
| Unadjusted OR† | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR‡ | 95 % CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors of fruit intake | ||||
| 1. Feeling understood and supported by health-care providers | 1·14 | 0·95, 1·37 | 0·94 | 0·77, 1·14 |
| 2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | 1·41* | 1·14, 1·74 | 1·23 | 0·99, 1·02 |
| 3. Actively managing my health | 2·61* | 2·13, 3·10 | 2·31* | 1·87, 2·84 |
| 4. Social support for health | 1·41* | 1·15, 1·73 | 1·31* | 1·06, 1·63 |
| 5. Appraisal of health information | 1·98* | 1·63, 2·41 | 1·73* | 1·41, 2·13 |
| 6. Ability to actively engage with health-care providers | 1·07 | 0·92, 1·25 | 1·01 | 0·86, 1·19 |
| 7. Navigating the health-care system | 1·18* | 1·01, 1·38 | 1·07 | 0·91, 1·26 |
| 8. Ability to find good health information | 1·38* | 1·18, 1·63 | 1·25* | 1·05, 1·48 |
| 9. Understand health information well enough to know what to do | 1·23* | 1·04, 1·45 | 1·03 | 0·87, 1·24 |
| Age | 1·02* | 1·01, 1·02 | ||
| Being male | 0·46* | 0·36, 0·58 | ||
| Completed secondary education | 1·23 | 0·94, 1·61 | ||
| Have private health insurance | 1·73* | 1·39, 2·17 | ||
| Predictors of vegetable intake | ||||
| 1. Feeling understood and supported by health-care providers | 1·18 | 0·97, 1·42 | 1·00 | 0·81, 1·22 |
| 2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | 1·56* | 1·24, 1·94 | 1·29* | 1·02, 1·64 |
| 3. Actively managing my health | 2·18* | 1·77, 2·70 | 1·81* | 1·45, 2·26 |
| 4. Social support for health | 1·45* | 1·17, 1·81 | 1·40* | 1·10, 1·76 |
| 5. Appraisal of health information | 1·92* | 1·56, 2·36 | 1·49* | 1·20, 1·86 |
| 6. Ability to actively engage with health-care providers | 1·15 | 0·98, 1·35 | 1·12 | 0·94, 1·33 |
| 7. Navigating the health-care system | 1·20* | 1·02, 1·41 | 1·11 | 0·93, 1·32 |
| 8. Ability to find good health information | 1·61* | 1·36, 1·91 | 1·36* | 1·13, 1·63 |
| 9. Understand health information well enough to know what to do | 1·66* | 1·39, 1·98 | 1·32* | 1·09, 1·59 |
| Age | 1·02* | 1·01, 1·02 | ||
| Being male | 0·28* | 0·22, 0·36 | ||
| Completed secondary education | 1·60* | 1·20, 2·14 | ||
| Have private health insurance | 1·50* | 1·18, 1·90 | ||
*P<0·05.
†
Univariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between each Health Literacy Questionnaire scale and intake of fruits or intake of vegetables.
‡
Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between each Health Literacy Questionnaire scale and intake of fruits or intake of vegetables, with age, gender, educational attainment and having private health insurance as covariates to correct for confounding effects.