Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted correlates of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in adults from nine Mesoamerican countries, 2011–2013
| Adjusted difference* | 95 % CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nmol/l | P † | ||
| Country, latitude | <0·0001 | ||
| Guatemala, 14·6° | Reference | ||
| El Salvador, 13·7° | 8·6 | 3·2, 13·9 | |
| Dominican Republic, 18·5° | 1·8 | −3·6, 7·1 | |
| Honduras, 14·1° | 6·7 | 0·4, 13·0 | |
| Nicaragua, 12·1° | 24·7 | 16·8, 32·5 | |
| Panama, 9·0° | −2·3 | −9·0, 4·4 | |
| Costa Rica, 9·6° | 5·8 | −1·5, 13·2 | |
| Belize, 17·3° | 9·7 | 3·4, 15·9 | |
| Mexico, 16·8° | 11·7 | 5·5, 17·8 | |
| Gardening | 0·03 | ||
| Never | Reference | ||
| 1–3 h/month | 0·4 | −4·7, 5·5 | |
| 1–6 h/week | 4·8 | 0·0, 9·6 | |
| ≥1 h/d | 6·4 | −0·6, 13·3 | |
*
From multivariable linear regression with serum 25(OH)D as the continuous outcome. Predictors included country and gardening. An exchangeable correlation structure was specified to account for intrafamily clustering.
†
For country, χ 2 score test. For gardening, test for linear trend when a variable representing ordinal categories of gardening time was included as a continuous predictor.