Table 4.
Association of adiposity measures at 4 years of age with dietary patterns at 7 years of age by sex (n 3473)*, Generation XXI prospective cohort study (Porto, Portugal, 2005–2006)
| Dietary patterns at 7 years in girls (n 1722)‡ | Dietary patterns at 7 years in boys (n 1751)‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDF (n 840) | Snacking (n 174) | EDF (n 922) | Snacking (n 170) | |||||
| Adiposity at 4 years† | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| BMI Z-score | ||||||||
| Model 1§ | 1·02 | 0·93, 1·12 | 0·95 | 0·82, 1·11 | 1·08 | 0·98, 1·19 | 1·01 | 0·86, 1·19 |
| Model 2|| | 0·96 | 0·86, 1·07 | 0·94 | 0·80, 1·11 | 1·03 | 0·93, 1·15 | 0·99 | 0·83, 1·18 |
| FM% | ||||||||
| Model 1§ | 0·97 | 0·87, 1·07 | 0·99 | 0·84, 1·17 | 1·02 | 0·92, 1·12 | 1·03 | 0·87, 1·22 |
| Model 2|| | 0·94 | 0·84, 1·05 | 0·94 | 0·78, 1·12 | 1·05 | 0·94, 1·18 | 1·02 | 0·84, 1·22 |
| FMI | ||||||||
| Model 1§ | 0·98 | 0·88, 1·08 | 0·97 | 0·82, 1·15 | 1·05 | 0·95, 1·16 | 1·04 | 0·88, 1·23 |
| Model 2|| | 0·93 | 0·83, 1·04 | 0·91 | 0·76, 1·09 | 1·06 | 0·94, 1·19 | 1·02 | 0·84, 1·22 |
| WHtR | ||||||||
| Model 1§ | 0·96 | 0·87, 1·06 | 0·94 | 0·80, 1·12 | 1·00 | 0·91, 1·11 | 1·04 | 0·88, 1·23 |
| Model 2|| | 0·93 | 0·83, 1·04 | 0·91 | 0·76, 1·09 | 1·01 | 0·90, 1·14 | 1·03 | 0·85, 1·23 |
EDF, Energy-Dense Foods dietary pattern; FM%, fat mass percentage; FMI, fat mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.
Results correspond to association (b) in Fig. 1.
All adiposity measures are in Z-score units. BMI Z-scores were defined according to the WHO’s age- and sex-specific standards. FM%, FMI and WHtR were converted into Z-scores using the sex-specific means and standard deviations observed in the study sample.
Reference category (healthier dietary pattern at 7 years) not shown in order to avoid redundancy.
Crude.
Adjusted for maternal (education, BMI) and child (any breast-feeding, physical exercise practice, daily screen time, exact age and dietary pattern at 4 years) characteristics.