Table 5.

Association of dietary patterns at 4 years of age with dietary patterns at 7 years of age by sex (n 3473)^*, Generation XXI prospective cohort study (Porto, Portugal, 2005–2006)

	Dietary pattern at 7 years in girls (n 1722)†							Dietary pattern at 7 years in boys (n 1751)†
	EDF (n 840)			Snacking (n 174)				EDF (n 922)			Snacking (n 170)
Dietary pattern at 4 years	n	OR	95 % CI	n	OR	95 % CI	Dietary pattern at 4 years	n	OR	95 % CI	n	OR	95 % CI
Model 1‡
Healthier (n 754)	234	Ref.		57	Ref.		Healthier (n 721)	247	Ref.		48	Ref.
EDF (n 753)	515	4·48	3·51, 5·70	55	1·84	1·20, 2·83	EDF (n 780)	563	4·68	3·68, 5·97	47	2·04	1·30, 3·21
Snacking (n 215)	91	2·38	1·64, 3·43	62	6·00	3·88, 9·54	Snacking (n 250)	112	2·34	1·64, 3·36	63	8·39	5·28, 13·32
Model 2§
Healthier (n 754)	234	Ref.		57	Ref.		Healthier (n 721)	247	Ref.		48	Ref.
EDF (n 753)	515	4·48	3·52, 5·71	55	1·85	1·21, 2·84	EDF (n 780)	563	4·70	3·68, 5·98	47	2·04	1·30, 3·20
Snacking (n 215)	91	2·36	1·63, 3·41	62	5·94	3·73, 9·46	Snacking (n 250)	112	2·35	1·64, 3·37	63	8·39	5·27, 13·31

EDF, Energy-Dense Foods dietary pattern; Ref., reference category.

^*Results correspond to association (c) in Fig. 1. Statistically significant associations are highlighted in bold.

^†Reference category (healthier dietary pattern at 7 years) not shown in order to avoid redundancy.

^‡Model 1 is adjusted for maternal (education, BMI) and child (any breast-feeding, physical exercise practice, daily screen time and exact age) characteristics.

^§Model 2 includes variables in Model 1 and is further adjusted for BMI Z-score at child’s age of 4 years.