Table 6.
Association of adiposity measures across the two ages by sex (n 3473)*, Generation XXI prospective cohort study (Porto, Portugal, 2005–2006)
| Adiposity at 7 years | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls (n 1722) | Boys (n 1751) | |||
| Adiposity at 4 years† | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI |
| BMI Z-score | ||||
| Model 1‡ | 0·831 | 0·803, 0·858 | 0·852 | 0·817, 0·886 |
| Model 2§ | 0·829 | 0·802, 0·857 | 0·851 | 0·817, 0·885 |
| FM% | ||||
| Model 1‡ | 0·640 | 0·604, 0·676 | 0·573 | 0·534, 0·611 |
| Model 2§ | 0·640 | 0·604, 0·676 | 0·573 | 0·535, 0·611 |
| FMI | ||||
| Model 1‡ | 0·709 | 0·677, 0·741 | 0·639 | 0·603, 0·674 |
| Model 2§ | 0·709 | 0·676, 0·741 | 0·639 | 0·604, 0·675 |
| WHtR | ||||
| Model 1‡ | 0·711 | 0·679, 0·744 | 0·661 | 0·627, 0·696 |
| Model 2§ | 0·711 | 0·678, 0·743 | 0·663 | 0·628, 0·698 |
β, regression coefficient; FM%, fat mass percentage; FMI, fat mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.
Results correspond to association (d) in Fig. 1. Statistically significant associations are highlighted in bold.
All adiposity measures are in Z-score units. BMI Z-scores were defined according to the WHO’s age- and sex-specific standards. FM%, FMI and WHtR were converted into Z-scores using the sex-specific means and standard deviations observed in the study sample.
Model 1 is adjusted for maternal (education, BMI) and child (any breast-feeding, physical exercise practice, daily screen time and exact age) characteristics.
Model 2 is further adjusted for dietary pattern at child’s age of 4 years.