Table 2.
Unadjusted Poisson regression analysis of the relationship of selected baseline characteristics with the number of Fresh Fund visits by total length of Fresh Fund use. San Diego, California, 2010–2012 (n 7298)*
| ≤6 months (n 6127) | 6–12 months (n 692) | >12 months (n 479) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | RR | 95 % CI | P | RR | 95 % CI | P | RR | 95 % CI | P |
| Age (10-year interval) (n 7275) | 1·07 | 1·06, 1·08 | <0·001 | 1·07 | 1·04, 1·09 | <0·001 | 1·03 | 0·99, 1·07 | 0·073 |
| Men (n 7285) | 1·21 | 1·15, 1·28 | <0·001 | 1·25 | 1·13, 1·39 | <0·001 | 1·20 | 1·05, 1·37 | 0·009 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·040 | ||||||
| White | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| Hispanic | 0·86 | 0·81, 0·90 | 0·87 | 0·76, 0·99 | 1·12 | 0·91, 1·38 | |||
| Vietnamese | 1·56 | 1·47, 1·67 | 1·25 | 1·09, 1·44 | 1·38 | 1·09, 1·73 | |||
| Other Asian | 1·13 | 1·07, 1·23 | 1·37 | 1·18, 1·58 | 1·28 | 1·02, 1·61 | |||
| African American | 0·95 | 0·87, 1·04 | 0·93 | 0·76, 1·15 | 1·04 | 0·76, 1·44 | |||
| East African | 1·18 | 1·04, 1·34 | 1·06 | 0·87, 1·23 | 1·21 | 0·93, 1·57 | |||
| Multiple/Other | 1·03 | 0·89, 1·18 | 0·87 | 0·56, 1·37 | 0·72 | 0·29, 1·80 | |||
| Survey language | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·104 | ||||||
| English | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| Spanish | 0·87 | 0·84, 0·92 | 0·80 | 0·74, 0·86 | 1·06 | 0·99, 1·13 | |||
| Vietnamese | 1·58 | 1·48, 1·69 | 1·24 | 1·12, 1·37 | 1·22 | 1·13, 1·32 | |||
| Chinese | 0·91 | 0·77, 1·09 | 1·56 | 1·01, 2·43 | 0·87 | 0·68, 1·10 | |||
| Somali | 1·10 | 0·89, 1·35 | 1·02 | 0·85, 1·22 | 1·21 | 1·06, 1·38 | |||
| Household members (n 7293) | 0·98 | 0·97, 0·99 | <0·001 | 0·97 | 0·96, 0·99 | 0·036 | 1·00 | 0·97, 1·03 | 0·870 |
| Government assistance | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·003 | ||||||
| WIC | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| SNAP/CalFresh | 1·36 | 1·30, 1·42 | 1·36 | 1·24, 1·50 | 1·16 | 1·02, 1·32 | |||
| SSI | 1·51 | 1·44, 1·59 | 1·45 | 1·31, 1·61 | 1·28 | 1·10, 1·49 | |||
| Season of enrolment | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·523 | ||||||
| Summer | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| Autumn | 0·88 | 0·84, 0·92 | 1·24 | 1·09, 1·40 | 0·92 | 0·80, 1·06 | |||
| Winter | 0·97 | 0·87, 1·09 | 1·49 | 1·32, 1·40 | 1·05 | 0·90, 1·21 | |||
| Spring | 0·92 | 0·87, 0·98 | 1·33 | 1·19, 1·49 | 1·05 | 0·90, 1·21 | |||
| Enrolment market | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | ||||||
| City Heights | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| Southeast San Diego | 0·67 | 0·59, 0·75 | 0·93 | 0·72, 1·19 | –† | – | |||
| San Marcos | 0·73 | 0·69, 0·76 | 0·71 | 0·65, 0·76 | 0·66 | 0·61, 0·72 | |||
| Golden Hill | 0·70 | 0·66, 0·74 | 0·88 | 0·73, 1·05 | –† | – | |||
| Linda Vista | 1·26 | 1·19, 1·32 | 0·79 | 0·48, 1·28 | –† | – | |||
| Servings F&V/d (n 6688) | 0·060 | 0·062 | 0·828 | ||||||
| <1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| 1–2 | 1·23 | 1·05, 1·43 | 0·78 | 0·63, 0·98 | 1·03 | 0·77, 1·39 | |||
| 3–4 | 1·21 | 1·04, 1·41 | 0·74 | 0·59, 0·92 | 1·09 | 0·81, 1·46 | |||
| ≥5 | 1·22 | 1·05, 1·42 | 0·74 | 0·59, 0·94 | 1·09 | 0·80, 1·48 | |||
| Perceived diet quality (n 6708) | <0·001 | 0·275 | 0·025 | ||||||
| Very unhealthy | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| Unhealthy | 0·85 | 0·76, 0·96 | 1·05 | 0·88, 1·24 | 1·02 | 0·87, 1·18 | |||
| Average | 0·88 | 0·79, 0·98 | 0·99 | 0·83, 1·19 | 0·82 | 0·69, 0·97 | |||
| Healthy | 0·96 | 0·86, 1·07 | 1·14 | 0·95, 1·36 | 0·89 | 0·58, 1·38 | |||
| Very healthy | 1·00 | 0·89, 1·13 | 1·12 | 0·88, 1·41 | 1·15 | 0·53, 2·53 | |||
| Weekly spending on F&V (n 6728) | 0·262 | <0·001 | <0·001 | ||||||
| $US 40 or more | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | |||
| $US 30–39 | 0·95 | 0·89, 1·01 | 0·99 | 0·89, 1·10 | 0·98 | 0·88, 1·10 | |||
| $US 20–29 | 1·02 | 0·96, 1·07 | 1·03 | 0·94, 1·13 | 1·10 | 1·01, 1·21 | |||
| $US 10–$19 | 0·99 | 0·94, 1·05 | 1·08 | 0·98, 1·75 | 1·16 | 1·05, 1·27 | |||
| Less than $US 10 | 0·98 | 0·88, 1·10 | 1·46 | 1·25, 1·70 | 1·23 | 1·08, 1·40 | |||
RR, relative risk; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; SSI, Supplemental Security Income; F&V, fruits and vegetables; ref., reference category.
*
Totals equal 7298 unless otherwise indicated.
†
n 0.