Table 3.
Estimated population-attributable risk (PAR) and projected number of infants for each of the factors significantly associated with inappropriate child feeding (ICF) practices in The Gambia, 2013
| No. of children aged 6–23 months significantly associated with ICF practices | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | %* | AOR† | PAR‡ | 95 % CI | Estimate | Range |
| Not complimentarily fed | ||||||
| Father’s occupation | ||||||
| Agricultural | 28·9 | Ref. | ||||
| Non-agricultural | 71·1 | 2·71 | 45·0 | 9·50, 64·1 | ||
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Rich | 22·6 | Ref. | ||||
| Middle | 33·1 | 2·26 | 18·0 | 8·31, 33·2 | ||
| Poor | 44·3 | 3·19 | 30·0 | 7·24, 38·9 | ||
| Not meeting minimum dietary diversity | ||||||
| Place of delivery | ||||||
| Health facility | 62·6 | Ref. | ||||
| Home | 37·4 | 3·37 | 26·0 | 1·88, 37·8 | 28 060 | 2134–40 540 |
| Child’s age (months) | ||||||
| 12–17 | 39·5 | Ref. | ||||
| 18–23 | 26·5 | 2·49 | 16·0 | 10·4, 20·6 | 16 917 | 10 668–22 404 |
| 6–11 | 33·7 | 7·60 | 29·0 | 24·7, 33·1 | 31 222 | 26 671–35 206 |
| Maternal access to the radio | ||||||
| Yes | 57·2 | Ref. | ||||
| No | 42·8 | 1·86 | 20·0 | 8·29, 29·5 | 21 112 | 8535–32 005 |
| Father’s education | ||||||
| Primary | 5·5 | Ref. | ||||
| Secondary or higher | 30·1 | 1·11 | – | |||
| No schooling | 58·8 | 1·94 | 28·0 | 1·08, 45·3 | 30 395 | 1067–48 008 |
| Administrative region | ||||||
| Kanifing | 14·0 | Ref. | ||||
| Brikama | 35·1 | 1·48 | – | |||
| Mansakonko | 4·9 | 2·03 | – | |||
| Kerewan | 12·7 | 2·54 | – | |||
| Janjanbureh | 8·7 | 3·75 | – | |||
| Basse | 16·0 | 11·20 | 15·0 | 6·54, 19·8 | 15 549 | 7468–21 337 |
| Kuntaur | 7·1 | 4·59 | 6·0 | 0·37, 8·54 | 5924 | 0–9602 |
| Banjul | 1·3 | 4·66 | 1·0 | 0·18, 1·51 | 1089 | 0–2134 |
| Not meeting minimum meal frequency | ||||||
| Child’s age (months) | ||||||
| 12–17 | 39·8 | Ref. | ||||
| 18–23 | 26·5 | 1·14 | – | |||
| 6–11 | 33·7 | 2·45 | 20·0 | 15·5, 24·2 | 21 278 | 16 003–25 604 |
| Mother’s age at child’s birth (years) | ||||||
| ≥40 | 5·0 | Ref. | ||||
| 30–39 | 28·8 | 1·52 | – | |||
| 20–29 | 52·4 | 1·65 | – | |||
| <20 | 13·8 | 2·62 | 9·0 | 3·19, 12·5 | 9103 | 3201–13 869 |
| Not meeting minimum acceptable diet | ||||||
| Child’s age (months) | ||||||
| 12–17 | 39·5 | Ref. | ||||
| 18–23 | 26·5 | 1·25 | – | |||
| 6–11 | 33·7 | 3·91 | 25·0 | 17·6, 30·7 | 26 757 | 19 203–33 072 |
| Father’s education | ||||||
| Secondary or higher | 30·1 | Ref. | ||||
| Primary | 5·5 | 1·52 | – | |||
| No education | 58·8 | 1·82 | 26·0 | 8·42, 39·9 | 28 263 | 8535–42 673 |
| Mother’s perceived baby size | ||||||
| Large | 53·1 | Ref. | ||||
| Average | 26·0 | 1·38 | ||||
| Small | 20·6 | 1·86 | 10·0 | 1·04, 15·9 | 10 161 | 1067–17 069 |
| Type of place of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 45·3 | Ref. | ||||
| Rural | 54·7 | 2·17 | 29·0 | 8·88, 45·7 | 31 464 | 9602–49 074 |
| Source of drinking-water | ||||||
| Protected | 87·9 | Ref. | ||||
| Unprotected | 12·1 | 1·84 | 6·0 | 0·00, 10·86 | 5893 | 0–11 735 |
| Maternal access to the radio | ||||||
| Yes | 57·2 | Ref. | ||||
| No | 42·8 | 1·58 | 16·0 | 0·00, 27·8 | 16 761 | 0–29 871 |
AOR, adjusted OR; –, PAR was not obtained because factors were not significantly associated with ICF practices; Ref., reference category.
Weighted proportion of infants who had ICF between 6 and 23 months. Proportion varies between groups due to missing values.
Adjusted independent variables were: place of residence, administrative region, source of drinking-water, household wealth index, mother’s characteristics (education, antenatal clinic visit, religion, literacy, working status, age, BMI, marital status, access to radio, access to television, access to print media), father’s characteristics (education, occupation), child’s gender, age of child, place of delivery, delivery assistance, mode of delivery, child’s body size at birth, birth order, preceding birth interval, child had diarrhoea, fever or acute respiratory infection.
PAR was obtained using a formula similar to that described by Stafford et al.( 22 ) and Ezeh et al.( 23 ): PAR=[pr(AOR – 1)/AOR], where pr is the proportion of the population exposed to the risk factors derived based on the estimated number of children (6–23 months) using the Demographic and Health Survey of The Gambia 2013 and the estimated general population.