Table 2.
Mean and sd energy intake and nutrient density of lunches on school days by home, school and ‘out’ sources for male and female 15–17-year-old secondary-school students in the Republic of Ireland, October 2012–March 2013
| Food source | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home (n 376) | School (n 155) | ‘Out’ (n 124) | Home–school–‘out’ | School v. home | ‘Out’ v. home | ‘Out’ v. school | |||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P * | P † | 95 % CI | P † | 95 % CI | P † | 95 % CI | |
| Energy (MJ) | 1·7 | 0·9 | 2·0 | 1·3 | 2·6 | 1·6 | <0·001 | 0·02 | 0·05, 0·6 | <0·001 | 0·3, 0·9 | 0·11 | −0·05, 0·6 |
| Protein (g/MJ) | 10·1 | 13·2 | 9·2 | 12·4 | 7·8 | 10·0 | <0·001 | 0·02 | −2·7, −0·2 | <0·001 | −3·4, −1·0 | 0·44 | −2·3, 0·7 |
| Total fat (g/MJ) | 9·9 | 14·6 | 11·5 | 13·3 | 11·5 | 13·8 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·7, 2·8 | 0·05 | 0·0, 2·0 | 0·31 | −2·0, 0·5 |
| Saturated fat (g/MJ) | 3·2 | 7·2 | 4·0 | 5·8 | 3·6 | 5·3 | 0·048 | 0·05 | 0·0, 1·1 | 0·93 | −0·5, 0·6 | 0·22 | −1·2, 0·2 |
| Carbohydrate (g/MJ) | 28·9 | 26·8 | 26·2 | 25·8 | 27·7 | 28·0 | 0·014 | 0·02 | −5·7, −0·4 | 1·00 | −2·5, 2·5 | 0·07 | −0·2, 6·2 |
| Starch (g/MJ) | 19·8 | 20·6 | 18·5 | 21·6 | 18·2 | 20·5 | 0·014 | 0·02 | −5·3, −0·3 | 0·30 | −3·9, 0·9 | 0·59 | −1·8, 4·3 |
| Total sugars (g/MJ) | 9·0 | 16·4 | 7·5 | 21·6 | 8·8 | 20·5 | 0·580 | 0·98 | −3·8, 3·2 | 0·67 | −2·2, 4·6 | 0·68 | −2·7, 5·7 |
| Free sugars (g/MJ) | 4·4 | 8·8 | 6·1 | 14·6 | 7·3 | 14·3 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 1·4, 7·2 | <0·001 | 2·3, 7·9 | 0·87 | −2·8, 4·3 |
| Dietary fibre (g/MJ) | 2·3 | 2·7 | 1·4 | 1·5 | 1·4 | 1·6 | <0·001 | <0·01 | −1·8, −0·8 | <0·01 | −1·3, −0·3 | 0·20 | −0·2, 1·1 |
| Na (mg/MJ) | 466·2 | 665·5 | 331·6 | 457·1 | 374·3 | 555·5 | <0·001 | <0·001 | −207, −66 | <0·001 | −201, −64 | 0·99 | −81, 90 |
| Ca (mg/MJ) | 102·5 | 187·0 | 79·8 | 138·2 | 71·1 | 109·8 | 0·130 | 0·73 | −24, 46 | 0·32 | −55, 13 | 0·18 | −32, −75 |
| Fe (mg/MJ) | 1·2 | 0·8 | 0·9 | 0·8 | 1·2 | 1·1 | <0·001 | <0·001 | −0·4, −0·2 | <0·001 | −0·4, −0·1 | 0·39 | −0·1, 0·2 |
| Vitamin A (µg/MJ) | 69·6 | 295·7 | 51·9 | 114·4 | 41·7 | 90·5 | 0·510 | 0·69 | −86, 41 | 0·66 | −84, 39 | 1·00 | −77, 77 |
| Folate (µg/MJ) | 20·6 | 26·8 | 11·2 | 14·9 | 13·1 | 19·9 | <0·001 | <0·001 | −13·5, −3·9 | <0·001 | −13·6, −4·3 | 0·99 | −6·1, 5·5 |
| Vitamin C (mg/MJ) | 7·0 | 29·9 | 2·0 | 6·5 | 2·4 | 8·9 | 0·003 | 0·02 | −15·0, −1·1 | 0·06 | −13·3, 0·2 | 0·90 | −6·9, 10·0 |
*
ANCOVA comparing mean intake of energy and nutrient density (g, mg or µg per MJ) adjusted for sex, survey day and school.
†
Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference post hoc analysis: multiple comparison of means.