Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants eligible for analysis* in the intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) of the MEDIM (‘impact of Migration and Ethnicity on Diabetes in Malmö’) intervention study
| IG (n 37) | CG (n 34) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean, n or median | sd, % or IQR | Mean, n or median | sd, % or IQR | P value |
| Age (years), mean and sd | 49·9 | 10·6 | 47·7 | 8·3 | 0·32 |
| Male sex, n and % | 17 | 45·9 | 18 | 52·9 | 0·64 |
| Family history of diabetes in first-degree relative, n and % | 27 | 73·0 | 22 | 64·7 | 0·60 |
| Unemployment, n and % | 18 | 48·6 | 17 | 50·0 | 1·00 |
| Education<HS, n and % | 5 | 13·5 | 9 | 26·5 | 0·23 |
| Economic difficulties, n and % | 15 | 40·5 | 15 | 44·1 | 0·81 |
| Self-efficacy score for diet, mean and sd | 4·8 | 1·4 | 4·2 | 1·9 | 0·11 |
| Physical activity (MET×h/week), median and IQR | 13·2 | 0·0–61·4 | 12·5 | 0·5–104·5 | 0·67§ |
| Smoking, n and % | 5 | 13·5 | 7 | 20·6 | 0·53 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean and sd | 30·6 | 4·5 | 29·5 | 3·2 | 0·24 |
| Overweight†, n and % | 26 | 68·0 | 25 | 76·5 | 0·44 |
| WC – men (cm), mean and sd | 107·4 | 9·9 | 104·9 | 7·9 | 0·40 |
| WC – women (cm), mean and sd | 100·3 | 9·1 | 96·8 | 7·7 | 0·22 |
| Pre-diabetes‡, n and % | 15 | 40·5 | 15 | 44·0 | 0·81 |
| Intakes of total energy and macronutrients | |||||
| Total energy (kJ/d), mean and sd | 8023 | 2780 | 8455 | 2646 | 0·51 |
| Total energy (kcal/d), mean and sd | 1917·5 | 664·5 | 2020·9 | 632·4 | 0·51 |
| Protein (g/d), mean and sd | 75·4 | 21·5 | 86·2 | 32·4 | 0·10 |
| Protein (E%), mean and sd | 16·2 | 2·8 | 17·1 | 2·9 | 0·17 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d), mean and sd | 193·1 | 74·1 | 197·4 | 67·2 | 0·80 |
| Carbohydrate (E%), mean and sd | 39·9 | 4·7 | 39·1 | 5·8 | 0·50 |
| Sucrose (g/d), mean and sd | 26·9 | 20·6 | 24·7 | 20·2 | 0·38 |
| Sucrose (E%), mean and sd | 5·4 | 2·9 | 4·7 | 2·8 | 0·26 |
| Total fat (g/d), mean and sd | 87·8 | 32·5 | 94·6 | 33·7 | 0·39 |
| Total fat (E%), mean and sd | 41·3 | 4·7 | 41·9 | 5·1 | 0·64 |
| Saturated fat (g/d), mean and sd | 26·6 | 11·4 | 29·1 | 12·8 | 0·64 |
| Saturated fat (E%), mean and sd | 12·6 | 3·0 | 12·7 | 3·0 | 0·90 |
| Dietary fibre (g/d), mean and sd | 17·6 | 7·0 | 18·1 | 6·3 | 0·75 |
| Total fat≥40 E%, n and % | 28 | 75·7 | 24 | 70·6 | 0·79 |
| Total fat≥30 E%, n and % | 36 | 97·3 | 32 | 94·1 | 0·60║ |
| Saturated fat≥10 E%, n and % | 30 | 81·1 | 26 | 76·5 | 0·77 |
| Sucrose<10 E%, n and % | 35 | 94·6 | 33 | 97·1 | 1·00 |
IQR, interquartile range; HS, high school; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; E%, percentage of energy intake.
*
Dietary data available at baseline and at least one more follow-up.
†
BMI≥28·0 kg/m2.
‡
Fasting plasma glucose=6·1–6·9 mmol/l and/or 2 h glucose=7·8–11·0 mmol/l.
§
Mann–Whitney U test.
║
Fisher’s exact test.