Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in quartiles of Baltic Sea diet (BDS) and Mediterranean diet (MD) scores; Finnish women aged 65–71 years (n 554), Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Fracture Prevention Study (OSTPRE-FPS), 2003–2007
| Quartile of BSD score | Quartile of MD score | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (≤9 points) (n 146) | Q2 (10–13 points)(n 125) | Q3 (14–15 points) (n 129) | Q4 (≥16 points) (n 107) | Q1 (≤3 points)(n 160) | Q2 (4 points)(n 147) | Q3 (5–6 points)(n 117) | Q4 (≥7 points)(n 79) | |||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value* | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value* | |
| Age (years) | 67·9 | 1·9 | 67·9 | 1·8 | 68·0 | 1·9 | 67·5 | 1·8 | 0·145 | 67·8 | 1·9 | 67·8 | 1·8 | 67·9 | 1·9 | 68·0 | 2·0 | 0·915 |
| Height (cm) | 158·1 | 6·0 | 158·1 | 5·1 | 158·9 | 5·1 | 159·9 | 4·9 | 0·020 | 158·1 | 5·0 | 158·6 | 5·8 | 159·5 | 5·2 | 159·4 | 5·1 | 0·113 |
| Weight (kg) | 72·7 | 12·8 | 70·8 | 10·3 | 73·2 | 12·4 | 71·7 | 11·6 | 0·375 | 72·1 | 11·6 | 73·7 | 12·3 | 72·1 | 11·5 | 70·7 | 12·6 | 0·319 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29·1 | 5·1 | 28·4 | 4·2 | 29·0 | 4·6 | 28·0 | 4·3 | 0·206 | 27·4 | 4·1 | 28·1 | 4·5 | 27·1 | 4·1 | 26·9 | 4·3 | 0·163 |
| Duration of HT use (years; n 266) | 10·3 | 6·5 | 10·5 | 5·1 | 11·5 | 6·4 | 11·0 | 6·0 | 0·749 | 10·7 | 5·6 | 11·0 | 5·8 | 12·1 | 6·6 | 10·5 | 5·7 | 0·519 |
| Time since menopause (years) | 18·9 | 5·2 | 18·5 | 5·3 | 18·1 | 4·9 | 18·1 | 5·4 | 0·724 | 18·5 | 5·3 | 17·8 | 5·0 | 19·3 | 4·9 | 18·4 | 5·6 | 0·230 |
| Lumbar BMD (g/cm2) | 1·107 | 0·193 | 1·080 | 0·192 | 1·091 | 0·177 | 1·108 | 0·194 | 0·680 | 1·074 | 0·187 | 1·130 | 0·192 | 1·089 | 0·186 | 1·085 | 0·182 | 0·110 |
| Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0·868 | 0·138 | 0·860 | 0·120 | 0·881 | 0·124 | 0·868 | 0·123 | 0·652 | 0·866 | 0·127 | 0·886 | 0·132 | 0·864 | 0·116 | 0·856 | 0·125 | 0·290 |
| Total body BMD (g/cm2) | 1·074 | 0·091 | 1·070 | 0·098 | 1·088 | 0·094 | 1·076 | 0·093 | 0·585 | 1·066 | 0·096 | 1·092 | 0·089 | 1·073 | 0·091 | 1·080 | 0·985 | 0·216 |
| Osteoporosis (%)† | 3·5 | 1·6 | 2·4 | 0·0 | 0·267 | 1·9 | 3·5 | 0·0 | 2·6 | 0·264 | ||||||||
| Current mobility limited (%) | 11·2 | 5·6 | 6·3 | 3·8 | 0·112 | 10·1 | 5·6 | 4·3 | 7·7 | 0·257 | ||||||||
| Disease or medication decreasing BMD (%) | 32·9 | 39·2 | 41·1 | 34·0 | 0·447 | 35·6 | 36·1 | 37·9 | 40·5 | 0·886 | ||||||||
| Ca supplementation (%) | 19·9 | 30·6 | 23·2 | 29·0 | 0·157 | 25·2 | 22·4 | 28·2 | 25·3 | 0·765 | ||||||||
| Vitamin D supplementation (%) | 19·9 | 27·4 | 23·3 | 27·1 | 0·431 | 24·5 | 25·2 | 22·2 | 19·0 | 0·724 | ||||||||
| Smoking status | 0·021 | 0·290 | ||||||||||||||||
| Never (%) | 81·7 | 75·4 | 85·9 | 86·7 | 82·6 | 85·0 | 77·9 | 87·2 | ||||||||||
| Previous smoker (%) | 9·9 | 20·5 | 10·9 | 11·4 | 12·9 | 8·8 | 17·7 | 11·5 | ||||||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 8·5 | 4·1 | 3·1 | 1·9 | 4·5 | 6·1 | 4·4 | 1·3 | ||||||||||
HT, hormone therapy; BMD, bone mineral density.
*
One-way ANOVA for continuous variables and Pearson’s χ 2 test for categorical variables.
†
T-score lower than or equal to −2·5 sd.