Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the SUN study population according to extreme quintiles of DASH diet index scores; SUN Project, 1999–2011
| Dixon’s DASH index | Mellen’s DASH index | Fung’s DASH index | Günther’s DASH index | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | ≤2 points | ≥5 points | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | ||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| n | 14051 | 4598 | 1752 | 3747 | 2678 | 3581 | 2372 | 3041 | 2402 | |||||||||
| Sex (% female) | 59·1 | 44·8 | 87·9 | 47·5 | 71·3 | 57·9 | 60·4 | 46·3 | 73·7 | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 37·5 | 11·5 | 38·5 | 11·6 | 37·4 | 11·9 | 34·8 | 10·4 | 40·7 | 12·3 | 33·3 | 9·6 | 42·1 | 12·4 | 35·4 | 10·8 | 39·5 | 12·3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23·5 | 3·4 | 24·0 | 3·5 | 22·5 | 3·2 | 23·4 | 3·4 | 23·4* | 3·4 | 23·0 | 3·3 | 23·5 | 3·3 | 23·6 | 3·5 | 23·0 | 3·1 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (MET×h/week) | 21·7 | 23·0 | 20·1 | 20·4 | 25·4 | 27·6 | 19·4 | 20·5 | 25·2 | 27·1 | 18·2 | 20·3 | 27·7 | 28·4 | 18·8 | 21·5 | 26·9 | 27·3 |
| Unemployed (%) | 4·0 | 3·5 | 5·0 | 4·3 | 3·4* | 4·9 | 2·8 | 4·5 | 4·0 | |||||||||
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Never smoker | 48·1 | 41·8 | 52·7 | 47·4 | 48·8* | 48·9 | 49·0* | 44·7 | 51·8 | |||||||||
| Former smoker | 28·1 | 30·0 | 28·0* | 23·8 | 31·8 | 21·1 | 34·9 | 24·4 | 31·1 | |||||||||
| Current smoker | 21·3 | 25·7 | 16·5 | 26·4 | 18·9 | 27·4 | 13·6 | 28·1 | 15·0 | |||||||||
| Marital status (% married) | 50·7 | 54·2 | 45·1 | 44·2 | 54·0 | 39·8 | 58·2 | 46·4 | 50·0 | |||||||||
| Living alone (%) | 6·4 | 5·3 | 8·5 | 5·2 | 8·5 | 5·0 | 8·5 | 4·7 | 9·4 | |||||||||
| Total energy intake (kJ/d) | 9862 | 2573 | 9540 | 2418 | 10 397 | 2586 | 10 791 | 2556 | 8920 | 2469 | 10 259 | 2544 | 9678 | 2389 | 10 083 | 2715 | 9954 | 2385 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 2357 | 615 | 2280 | 578 | 2485 | 618 | 2579 | 611 | 2132 | 596 | 2452 | 608 | 2313 | 571 | 2410 | 649 | 2379 | 570 |
| Hypertension (%) | 6·8 | 7·7 | 5·1 | 5·4 | 8·6 | 4·0 | 9·7 | 5·9 | 7·3 | |||||||||
| Weight change (kg) | 1·5 | 6·1 | 1·5 | 6·1 | 1·1 | 6·1 | 1·8 | 6·3 | 1·1 | 6·7 | 1·9 | 6·1 | 0·9 | 5·9 | 1·5 | 6·1 | 1·5 | 6·1 |
| Personality traits | ||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive | 7·0 | 1·7 | 7·0 | 1·7 | 7·0 | 1·7 | 6·9 | 1·7 | 7·1 | 1·7 | 7·0 | 1·7 | 7·0 | 1·7 | 6·9 | 1·8 | 7·0 | 1·7 |
| Relaxed | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·8 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·2 |
| Dependant | 3·6 | 2·8 | 3·6 | 2·9 | 3·5 | 2·9 | 3·6 | 2·7 | 3·5 | 3·0 | 3·7 | 2·7 | 3·4 | 2·9 | 3·7 | 2·8 | 3·5 | 2·9 |
SUN, Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra/University of Navarra Follow-up; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
*
Indicates P>0·05 for χ 2 test for trend (categorical variables) and linear regression analysis (continuous variables) across quintiles of DASH diet indices.