Table 3.

Regression-adjusted mean beverage volume and energy content, for the sub-sample of respondents who obtained a refillable beverage, at ninety-eight fast-food restaurants in New York City, and Newark and Jersey City, New Jersey, 2013–2014

	No refill				Refill
	Beverage ounces*		Beverage calories†		Beverage ounces*		Beverage calories†
Size	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI	Mean	95 % CI
Any	29·3	28·2, 30·4	232·5	229·4, 235·7	58·7	48·5, 69·0	482·8	399·0, 566·6
Value	13·6	6·1, 21·0	100·7	80·8, 120·6	43·0	38·0, 48·0	351·0	262·8, 439·1
Small	22·5	17·9, 27·1	178·3	152·1, 204·5	51·9	44·5, 59·3	428·6	342·8, 514·3
Medium	33·4	31·5, 35·3	268·0	253·8, 282·2	62·8	49·8, 75·8	518·3	431·5, 605·4
Large	44·5	42·6, 46·5	342·6	313·2, 372·0	74·0	61·4, 86·5	592·9	507·0, 678·7

Adjusted means show the expected number of beverage ounces and beverage calories obtained for each combination of size and refill, with the assumption that the entire sample either refilled or did not refill a beverage of each available size. Results calculated using ordinary least-square regression models with the following covariates: presence of a self-serve station in the restaurant, the offering of free refills at the restaurant, respondent gender, race, age, education level, employment status, whether meal was had for lunch or dinner, the location the meal was had, whether a combination meal was ordered, the size of the beverage, the restaurant chain, state where the survey was collected, survey period and frequency of fast-food visits.

^*Estimated volume of the beverage (US fluid ounces; 1 US fl. oz=29·5735 ml).

^†Estimated energy content of the beverage (kilocalories; 1 kcal=4·184 kJ).