Table 2.
Summary of articles included in the current systematic review, in alphabetical order of the first author
| Study | Age at baseline*; country; length of intervention | Intervention milk; number and percentage completing the study; amount of milk consumed† | Control milk; number and percentage completing the study; amount of milk consumed† | Study outcomes investigated in the systematic review | Adherence check and other comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chatchatee et al. (2014)( 24 ) | 19 (14–24) months; multi-country‡; 12 months | LCPUFA, prebiotics; n 348 (90 %); 528·8 (128·2) ml | GUM without prebiotics and LCPUFA; n 349 (92 %); 527·2 (139·2) ml | Weight, length, BMI | Contacted parents every 2–4 weeks CM group not randomised |
| Daly et al. (1996)( 25 ) | 7·8 (5·7–8·6) months; UK; 12 months | Fe, vit C, vit D; n 41 (82 %); mean 480 ml | CM; n 43 (86 %); mean 584 ml | Fe (Hb) | Multiple 3 d WFR |
| Firmansyah et al. (2011)( 26 ) | IG 12·4 (0·21) months, CG 12·4 (0·22) months; Indonesia; 12 months | LCPUFA, synbiotics, lower protein; n 148 (74 %); 426 (25·9) ml | CM; n 142 (73 %); 426 (31·2) ml | Weight, length, BMI, WFA Z-score | 3 d records of milk intake Protein was lower in intervention milk |
| Houghton et al. (2011)( 27 ) | IG 16·8 (2·9) months, CG 16·8 (2·8) months; New Zealand; 5 months | Fe, vit C, Zn, vit D; n 43 (96 %); 439–457 g | CM with vit A and vit D; n 85 (94 %); 439–457 g | Vit D | Multiple 3 d WFR Same study as Szymlek-Gay et al.( 34 ) |
| Morgan et al. (2010)( 28 ) | IG 16·8 (2·9) months, CG 16·8 (2·8) months; New Zealand; 5 months | Fe, vit C, Zn, vit D; n 43 (96 %); 439–457 g | CM with vit A and vit D; n 85 (94 %); 439–457 g | Zn | Multiple 3 d WFR Same study as Szymlek-Gay et al.( 34 ) |
| Morley et al. (1999)( 29 ) | IG 9·4 (0·32) months, CG 9·4 (0·32) months; UK; 9 months | Fe; n 133 (82 %); amount of milk consumed NA | CM; n 160 (96 %); amount of milk consumed NA | Weight, length, skinfold, MUAC, Fe (Hb, sTfR) | Multiple 2 d diet diary Standard (unfortified) formula group was also compared |
| Rivera et al. (2010)( 30 ) | IG 22·1 (3·0) months, CG 22·5 (5·4) months; Mexico; 12 months | Fe, vit C; n 371 (75 %); 609 (355) ml | CM; n 213 (78 %); 611 (341) ml | Fe | Adherence check NA Only incidence of anaemia was included in meta-analysis |
| Sazawal et al. (2010)( 31 ) | IG 22·4 (6·8) months, CG 23·0 (6·7) months; India; 12 months | Fe, vit C, Zn, vit D, LCPUFA, B vitamins; n 289 (91 %); 2·58 servings | CM; n 281 (89 %); 2·54 servings | Weight, length, WFA, WFL & LFA Z-scores, Fe (Hb, SF, sTfR), Zn | Checked consumption and remaining milk |
| Sazawal et al. (2010)( 38 ) | IG 22·2 (6·4) months, CG 23·0 (6·8) months; India; 12 months | Fe, vit C, Zn, vit D, LCPUFA, B vitamins, synbiotics; n 257 (82 %); amount of milk consumed NA | Fortified milk without synbiotics; n 245 (79 %); amount of milk consumed NA | Weight, length, WFA, WFL & LFA Z-scores, Fe (Hb, SF, sTfR), Zn | Checked consumption and remaining milk Both milks contained the same amount of Fe (excluded from meta-analysis) |
| Singhal et al. (2000)( 32 ) | IG 9·4 (0·32) months, CG 9·4 (0·32) months; UK; 9 months | Fe, n 133 (82 %); amount of milk consumed NA | CM; n 160 (96 %); amount of milk consumed NA | Fe (SF, sTfR) | Multiple 2 d diet diary Same study as Morley et al.( 29 ) |
| Stevens and Nelson (1995)( 33 ) | 6 months (range NA); UK; 12 months | Fe, vit C; n NA; amount of milk consumed NA | CM; n NA; amount of milk consumed NA | Fe (Hb, SF) | Adherence check NA |
| Szymlek-Gay et al. (2009)( 34 ) | IG 16·8 (2·9) months, CG 16·8 (2·8) months; New Zealand; 5 months | Fe, vit C, Zn, vit D; n 43 (96 %); 439–457 g | CM with vit A and vit D; n 85 (94 %); 439–457 g | Fe (Hb, SF, sTfR) | Multiple 3 d WFR Meat group was also compared. Protein was lower in intervention milk |
| Villalpando et al. (2006)( 35 ) | IG 20·4 (4·9) months, CG 22·5 (8·6) months; Mexico; 6 months | Fe, vit C, Zn; n 58 (85 %); 529 (201) ml | Non-fortified milk; n 57 (92 %); 482 (178) ml | Fe (Hb, SF, sTfR) | Home visit to check correct reconstitution of milk and consumption |
| Virtanen et al. (2001)( 36 ) | 12 months (range NA); Sweden; 6 months | Fe, vit C; n 20 (total 67 %); 445 (123) ml | CM; n 16 (total 67 %); 561 (209) ml | Weight, Fe (Hb, SF, sTfR) | Multiple 7 d diet record |
| Xuan et al. (2013)( 37 ) | IG 31 (4·2) months, CG 29 (6·9) months; Vietnam; 5 months | GUM + Zn, Se, vit C, DHA, synbiotics; n 153 (89 %); amount of milk consumed NA | Standard GUM; n 186 (95 %); amount of milk consumed NA | Growth, Fe (Hb), Zn | Dietary book completed by kindergarten teachers |
IG, intervention group; CG, control group; NA, not available or not reported; LCPUFA, long-chain PUFA; vit, vitamin; GUM, growing-up milk; CM, standard cow’s milk; WFA, weight-for-age; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; sTfR, serum transferrin receptor; WFL, weight-for-length; LFA, length-for-age; SF, serum ferritin; WFR, weighed food record.
*
Age is reported as mean (sd) or median (range).
†
Amount of milk is reported as mean (sd) or median (range).
‡
Malaysia, Holland, Poland, Portugal and Thailand.