Table 3.
Average daily consumption (frequency and amount in grams) in the reference scenario of the top three most consumed meat and dairy substitutes, their corresponding environmental impact per kilogram of product and their corresponding nutritional composition per 100 g of product
| Consumption in reference scenario | Environmental impacts/kg | Nutritional composition/100 g product | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product | Frequency of consumption* | Average portion size (g) | GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq) | Land use (m2× year) | Energy (kJ) | Protein (g) | SFA (g) | Monodisacc. (g) | Fibre (g) | Na (mg) | Ca (mg) | Fe (mg) | Zn (mg) | Vitamin A (µg RAE) | Thiamin (mg) | Riboflavin (mg) | Vitamin B12 (µg) | Vitamin D (µg) | |
| Meat substitutes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vegetarian meat | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vegetable burger | 4 | 88 | 1·5 | 1·7 | 904 | 11·6 | 1·2 | 4·4 | 3·7 | 634 | 0 | 2·3† | – | 0 | – | 0·14 | 0·25† | 0·0 | |
| Mincemeat balls (veg) | 3 | 83 | 2·2 | 2·7 | 741 | 17·0 | 1·0 | 1·3 | 3 | 695 | 75 | 2·1† | 0·10 | 0 | 0·10 | 0·14 | 0·15† | 0·0 | |
| Mincemeat (veg) | 3 | 65 | 2·2 | 2·7 | 571 | 19·1 | 0·1 | 3·1 | 5·7 | 585 | 0 | 2·1† | 0·01 | 0 | 0·13 | 0·15 | 0·26† | 0·0 | |
| Pulses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Brown beans | 28 | 126 | 1·3 | 1·2 | 458 | 6·7 | 0·1 | 1·6 | 8·1 | 230 | 39 | 1·5 | 0·56 | 0 | 0·06 | 0·04 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Beans in tomato sauce | 13 | 138 | 1·3 | 1·0 | 385 | 5·6 | 0·1 | 4·1 | 5·2 | 360 | 58 | 1·8 | 0·61 | 6 | 0·06 | 0·04 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Chickpeas | 6 | 52 | 1·3 | 2·8 | 517 | 7·6 | 0·4 | 0·0 | 6·7 | 8 | 46 | 1·8 | 1·70 | 2 | 0·05 | 0·03 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Soya products | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tahoe/tofu | 5 | 69 | 1·6 | 2·2 | 472 | 11·6 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·3 | 6 | 188 | 2·2 | 1·10 | 19 | 0·07 | 0·02 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Tempe | 1 | 68 | 1·6 | 2·2 | 624 | 12·2 | 1·1 | 5·6 | 5·6 | 8 | 91 | 2·0 | 1·30 | 2 | 0·05 | 0·25 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Dairy substitutes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Soya drink, light | 14 | 194 | 0·4 | 0·5 | 119 | 2·1 | 0·2 | 1·7 | 1·0† | 40 | 120† | 0·2 | 0·15 | 0 | 0·00 | 0·21† | 0·38† | 0·8† | |
| Breakfast drink, fruit-based | 11 | 244 | 0·6 | 0·1 | 219 | 0·4 | 0·0 | 10·4 | 0·7 | 2 | 6 | 0·3 | – | 0 | 0·20† | 0·01 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Soya drink, several flavours | 8 | 272 | 0·4 | 0·5 | 251 | 2·9 | 0·3 | 7·5 | 0·6 | 68 | 120† | 0·3 | 0·23 | 1 | 0·02 | 0·21† | 0·38† | 0·8† | |
| Plant-based sandwich fillings | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vegetarian fillings | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vegetable paste | 3 | 30 | 1·3 | 2·8 | 915 | 7·5 | 2·7 | 7·6 | – | 461 | – | 0·0 | – | – | 1·00 | 2·00 | 0·00 | – | |
| Luncheon meat (veg) | 3 | 17 | 1·5 | 1·7 | 1354 | 15·0 | 3·2 | 0·0 | 1·0 | 815 | 1 | 2·1† | 0·01 | 0 | 0·08 | 0·09 | 0·15† | 0·0 | |
| Pâté (veg) | 2 | 40 | 1·5 | 1·7 | 1274 | 7·8 | 3·2 | 1·4 | 1·9 | 700 | 39 | 2·1† | 0·04 | 0 | 0·06 | 0·08 | 0·15† | 0·0 | |
| Sweet fillings | |||||||||||||||||||
| Jam | 265 | 28 | 2·3 | 0·6 | 1044 | 0·3 | 0·0 | 52·3 | 0·9 | 10 | 8 | 0·4 | 0·04 | 7 | 0·01 | 0·01 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Chocolate sprinkles, dark | 183 | 15 | 2·2 | 1·2 | 1887 | 5·8 | 9·0 | 60·5 | 6·6 | 27 | 36 | 8·1 | 1·27 | 4 | 0·02 | 0·05 | 0·21 | 0·0 | |
| Apple syrup | 118 | 25 | 1·3 | 0·7 | 1001 | 1·9 | 0·0 | 55·1 | 4·0 | 36 | 30 | 11·3 | 0·79 | 0 | 0·04 | 0·10 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Savoury fillings | |||||||||||||||||||
| Peanut butter | 198 | 28 | 1·7 | 5·1 | 2792 | 22·4 | 8·3 | 4·4 | 8·0 | 250 | 50 | 1·4 | 2·30 | 0 | 0·10 | 0·10 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Sandwich spread, original | 40 | 28 | 0·7 | 1·5 | 975 | 1·6 | 1·2 | 14·0 | 0·8 | 532 | 56 | 2·0 | – | 44 | 0·02 | 0·02 | – | 0·1 | |
| Snack substitutes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sweet snacks | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dutch spiced bread | 265 | 28 | 1·2 | 2·0 | 1325 | 3·0 | 0·2 | 37·4 | 3·5 | 238 | 17 | 0·7 | 0·65 | 0 | 0·02 | 0·03 | 0·00 | 0·1 | |
| Popcorn (sweet) | 3 | 25 | 0·9 | 3·7 | 1649 | 9·9 | 0·8 | 24·0 | 3·8 | 2 | 8 | 0·9 | 0·08 | 4 | 0·30 | 0·09 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Dried fruits | 1 | 14 | 0·5 | 0·6 | 1128 | 2·0 | 0·0 | 50·8 | 12·4 | 14 | 68 | 1·8 | 0·43 | 56 | 0·04 | 0·09 | 0·00 | 0·0 | |
| Savoury snacks | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sausage (veg) | 2 | 75 | 1·5 | 1·7 | 1074 | 13·3 | 2·4 | 1·8 | 0·6 | 773 | 20 | 2·1† | – | 0 | – | 0·14 | 0·15† | 0·0 | |
| Falafel | 2 | 47 | 1·3 | 2·8 | 893 | 7·0 | 1·4 | 3·0 | 5·5 | 475 | 27 | 2·1† | 0·85 | 1 | 0·07 | 0·03 | 0·15† | 0·0 | |
| Nuggets (veg) | 0 | 0 | 1·5 | 1·7 | 1064 | 15·0 | 2·3 | 1·0 | 2·0 | 600 | 67 | 2·1† | 0·10 | 0 | 0·11 | 0·14 | 0·15† | 0·0 | |
GHG, greenhouse gas; CO2-eq, CO2 equivalents; monodisacc, mono- and disaccharides; RAE, retinol activity equivalents; veg, vegetarian.
– means not available in NEVO-online (2013)( 20 ).
*
Based on the number of consumers of the product in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010 (n 2102).
†
Fortified with vitamins and/or minerals.