Table 4.
Habitual intakes of energy, macronutrients and sodium, and the evaluation in different meat and dairy replacement scenarios, among Dutch adults (1055 men and 1047 women) aged 19–69 years, weighted for sociodemographic factors, season and day of the week. Results are presented as point estimates with their 95 % CI
| Reference scenario | ‘Less meat and dairy’ scenario | ‘No meat and dairy’ scenario | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No replacement | 30 % replacement* | 100 % replacement* | |||||||||||
| Evaluation | Evaluation | Evaluation | |||||||||||
| Nutrient/Gender | Recommendation | Mean | 95 % CI | Estimate | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Estimate | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Estimate | 95 % CI |
| Energy (MJ/d)†,‡ | |||||||||||||
| Men | 11·0–12·9 (EAR) | 11·0a | 10·8, 11·9 | 10·9a | 10·8, 11·8 | 10·8a | 10·6, 11·6 | ||||||
| Women | 9·0–10·2 (EAR) | 8·4a | 8·1, 8·5 | 8·4a | 8·1, 8·6 | 8·3a | 8·0, 8·4 | ||||||
| Protein (g)‡ | %<EAR | %<EAR | %<EAR | ||||||||||
| Men | 45–47 (EAR) | 98a | 96, 106 | 0 | 0, 0 | 92a | 90, 100 | 0 | 0, 0 | 77b | 75, 83 | 1 | 0, 2 |
| Women | 39–40 (EAR) | 76a | 74, 78 | 0 | 0, 1 | 71b | 69, 73 | 0 | 0, 1 | 60c | 58, 61 | 3 | 2, 5 |
| SFA (E%)‡ | %>UL | %>UL | %>UL | ||||||||||
| Men | 10 (UL) | 14a | 13, 15 | 97 | 92, 100 | 12a | 11, 13 | 89 | 77, 95 | 9b | 8, 9 | 19 | 8, 24 |
| Women | 10 (UL) | 13a | 13, 14 | 91 | 88, 95 | 12b | 11, 12 | 79 | 75, 86 | 9c | 8, 9 | 17 | 12, 24 |
| Mono- and disaccharides (E%) | |||||||||||||
| Men | – | 20a | 19, 20 | 21a | 20, 21 | 23b | 22, 24 | ||||||
| Women | – | 22a | 21, 23 | 23a,b | 22, 24 | 26b | 24, 26 | ||||||
| Fibre (g/MJ)§ | Adequacy | Adequacy | Adequacy | ||||||||||
| Men | 3·4 (AI) | 2·1¶ a | 2·1, 2·2 | ns | 2·4¶ b | 2·3, 2·4 | ns | 2·9c | 2·9, 3·0 | ns | |||
| Women | 3·4 (AI) | 2·3¶ a | 2·3, 2·4 | ns | 2·6¶ b | 2·5, 2·6 | ns | 3·1c | 3·1, 3·2 | ns | |||
| Na (g/d)║ | |||||||||||||
| Men | – | 3·1a | 3·1, 3·3 | 3·1a | 3·1, 3·2 | 2·9b | 2·9, 3·0 | ||||||
| Women | – | 2·4a | 2·4, 2·5 | 2·3a,b | 2·3, 2·4 | 2·2b | 2·2, 2·3 | ||||||
E%, percentage of daily energy intake; EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; UL, Tolerable Upper Intake Level; AI, Adequate Intake; ns, median intake is below corresponding AI and therefore no statement about the adequacy can be made.
a,b,cMean/median values between scenarios with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (based on the 95 % CI around the point estimate as estimated using 200 bootstrap samples).
Replacement of meat and cheese as sandwich filling and snack, meat for dinner and dairy drinks and desserts by plant-derived substitutes.
Average energy intake varies with age and gender and is based on a moderately active lifestyle (physical activity level=1·7). Due to the high correlation between energy intakes and requirements, no statement about adequacy could be made( 24 ).
EAR for energy and protein and UL for SFA from the Health Council of the Netherlands (2001)( 28 ).
AI for fibre from the Health Council of the Netherlands (2006)( 29 ).
Na intake is based on prepared and unprepared products as presented in NEVO-online (2013)(20). Commercially available meat replacers generally contain Na, whereas meats may or may not include (added) Na depending on whether the calculations are based on prepared or unprepared products. No direct comparison with daily recommendations could be made.
Median point estimate.