Table 3.
Dietary intake of specific foods by acculturation, as measured by language preference and generational status, among the sample of Mexican-American adults aged 18–97 years from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort study (n 1250), Texas–Mexico border region, 2008–2011
| Language preference | Generational status | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish (n 946) | Bilingual (n 166) | English (n 134) | First (n 818) | Second (n 320) | Third (n 109) | |||||||||
| Survey-weighted | Survey-weighted | |||||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Overall P | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Overall P | |
| Healthy Eating Index | 5·79 | 22·73 | 5·21 | 28·67 | 5·00 | 27·88 | <0·0001a,b | 5·67 | 23·21 | 5·34 | 26·19 | 5·59 | 26·16 | 0·0007a,b |
| Baked/grilled/broiled/steamed chicken or fish* | 0·66 | 6·19 | 0·78 | 7·98 | 0·53 | 7·31 | 0·8445 | 0·66 | 6·16 | 0·66 | 6·88 | 0·64 | 8·55 | 0·9224 |
| Beans | 0·58 | 5·07 | 0·56 | 6·55 | 0·17 | 3·41 | <0·0001a,c | 0·55 | 4·90 | 0·48 | 6·06 | 0·47 | 5·36 | 0·0163a,b |
| Eggs† | 0·73 | 6·92 | 0·61 | 9·57 | 0·81 | 9·12 | 0·7049 | 0·73 | 7·16 | 0·80 | 8·51 | 0·53 | 7·97 | 0·1264 |
| Fruit | 0·89 | 7·14 | 0·86 | 7·29 | 0·54 | 7·24 | 0·0428b | 0·89 | 7·25 | 0·78 | 6·90 | 0·63 | 7·53 | 0·0029a |
| Fruit juice | 0·35 | 4·45 | 0·38 | 6·70 | 0·53 | 10·38 | 0·1943 | 0·33 | 4·34 | 0·48 | 8·15 | 0·43 | 5·92 | 0·8781 |
| Orange vegetables | 0·22 | 3·74 | 0·26 | 4·11 | 0·33 | 5·27 | 0·3211 | 0·22 | 3·82 | 0·27 | 4·29 | 0·28 | 4·22 | 0·5698 |
| Other vegetables | 0·50 | 5·22 | 0·32 | 4·30 | 0·58 | 6·46 | 0·0337b,c | 0·50 | 5·39 | 0·41 | 4·75 | 0·60 | 5·75 | 0·6080 |
| Salad | 0·49 | 5·02 | 0·33 | 4·56 | 0·53 | 7·30 | 0·3785 | 0·50 | 5·09 | 0·39 | 4·88 | 0·48 | 7·21 | 0·2797 |
| Wholegrain breads | 1·80 | 12·76 | 1·44 | 15·14 | 1·63 | 15·26 | 0·0003a,b | 1·72 | 13·01 | 1·69 | 14·27 | 1·69 | 13·80 | 0·0646 |
| Wholegrain cereals | 0·33 | 4·35 | 0·30 | 6·01 | 0·20 | 4·08 | 0·9006 | 0·33 | 4·34 | 0·21 | 4·30 | 0·42 | 6·51 | 0·1184c |
| Unhealthy Eating Index | 4·56 | 23·45 | 5·53 | 29·86 | 5·14 | 32·23 | <0·0001a,b,c | 4·63 | 24·24 | 5·24 | 28·29 | 4·72 | 26·23 | <0·0001a,b |
| Baked goods | 0·57 | 6·86 | 0·77 | 10·54 | 0·44 | 6·00 | 0·8203 | 0·54 | 6·27 | 0·75 | 9·74 | 0·39 | 6·78 | 0·1143a |
| French fries/chips | 0·42 | 5·25 | 0·50 | 7·02 | 0·69 | 7·44 | <0·0001a | 0·42 | 4·99 | 0·62 | 7·41 | 0·46 | 5·87 | 0·0003a |
| Fried meat | 0·33 | 5·60 | 0·37 | 6·16 | 0·39 | 7·70 | 0·0992 | 0·35 | 5·93 | 0·34 | 5·87 | 0·36 | 6·02 | 0·2657 |
| Frozen desserts | 0·27 | 3·99 | 0·26 | 5·12 | 0·20 | 5·74 | 0·2775 | 0·27 | 4·00 | 0·24 | 4·62 | 0·26 | 5·99 | 0·2296 |
| Red and processed meats‡ | 0·84 | 8·08 | 0·97 | 9·84 | 1·28 | 12·18 | <0·0001a,c | 0·87 | 8·44 | 1·03 | 9·92 | 1·02 | 9·08 | 0·0002a,b |
| Non-chocolate candy | 0·18 | 3·83 | 0·31 | 8·66 | 0·11 | 3·33 | 0·6765 | 0·20 | 3·93 | 0·12 | 3·22 | 0·38 | 10·33 | 0·4697 |
| Regular sodas | 0·64 | 7·64 | 0·69 | 10·98 | 0·55 | 8·91 | 0·0366a | 0·66 | 7·66 | 0·64 | 9·78 | 0·50 | 8·26 | 0·3469 |
| Sweetened drinks/sports drinks | 0·32 | 5·95 | 0·37 | 7·65 | 0·32 | 6·48 | 0·3414 | 0·29 | 5·63 | 0·34 | 6·39 | 0·50 | 9·41 | 0·9498 |
| White breads | 0·99 | 9·77 | 1·33 | 12·43 | 1·17 | 13·18 | <0·0001a,b | 1·06 | 10·08 | 1·18 | 11·96 | 0·87 | 9·25 | 0·0022a |
Pairwise comparisons with P<0·05: aEnglish v. Spanish, second v. first generation; bbilingual v. Spanish, third v. first generation; cEnglish v. bilingual, third v. second generation.
*
Baked foods were collected differently in different versions of survey: BAKEGRILL (Versions 1 and 2); BAKEFISH and BAKEPOUL (Version 3 only).
‡Egg consumption data were captured only in Version 3.
‡Hamburger meat/hot dogs/chorizo/meat/bacon/ribs.