Table 1.
Sociodemographic, biomarker and high-risk fertility behaviours characteristic of the study participants; ever-married women aged 15–49 years living with at least one child younger than 5 years, 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (n 2197)
| Characteristic | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | ||
| 15–24 | 1065 | 49·9 |
| 25–34 | 915 | 40·9 |
| 35–49 | 212 | 9·2 |
| Data missing | 5 | – |
| Maternal education | ||
| No education | 388 | 18·7 |
| Primary education | 681 | 31·3 |
| Secondary or higher education | 1128 | 50·0 |
| Maternal decision-making autonomy (no. of aspects)† | ||
| 0 | 444 | 20·1 |
| 1 | 262 | 12·2 |
| 2 | 279 | 13·2 |
| 3 | 322 | 14·9 |
| 4 | 890 | 39·6 |
| Respondent employed | ||
| No | 1974 | 89·7 |
| Yes | 223 | 10·3 |
| Religion | ||
| Non-Muslim | 218 | 8·7 |
| Muslim | 1979 | 91·3 |
| Area of residence | ||
| Rural | 1501 | 77·1 |
| Urban | 686 | 22·9 |
| No. of household members (tertiles) | ||
| 2–4 | 659 | 30·5 |
| 5–6 | 813 | 37·7 |
| 7+ | 725 | 31·8 |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poor | 732 | 35·1 |
| Middle | 733 | 33·9 |
| Rich | 732 | 31·0 |
| Maternal BMI category‡ | ||
| Chronic undernutrition | 608 | 27·7 |
| Normal | 1308 | 60·8 |
| Overweight/obese | 275 | 11·5 |
| Data missing | 6 | – |
| Maternal height (cm) | ||
| <145 | 288 | 13·6 |
| ≥145 | 1908 | 86·4 |
| Data missing | 1 | – |
| Anaemia | ||
| No | 1257 | 56·3 |
| Yes | 940 | 43·7 |
| Coexistence of anaemia and chronic undernutrition | ||
| No | 1901 | 86·2 |
| Yes | 296 | 13·8 |
| Type of delivery | ||
| Normal | 1869 | 85·8 |
| Caesarean | 322 | 14·2 |
| Data missing | 6 | – |
| Pregnancy intention | ||
| Unintended | 668 | 30·7 |
| Intended | 1529 | 69·3 |
| Current use of contraception | ||
| No | 700 | 32·4 |
| Yes | 1497 | 67·6 |
| Any high-risk fertility behaviours | ||
| No | 1290 | 58·2 |
| Yes | 907 | 41·8 |
| Types of high-risk fertility behaviours | ||
| No risk | 1290 | 58·2 |
| Single high-risk fertility behaviour | 713 | 33·0 |
| Mother’s age at birth <18 years | 318 | 14·7 |
| Mother’s age at birth >34 years | 12 | 0·4 |
| Birth interval <24 months | 93 | 4·5 |
| Birth order ≥3 | 290 | 13·4 |
| Multiple high-risk fertility behaviours | 194 | 8·8 |
| Age at birth<18 years and birth interval <24 months | 23 | 1·1 |
| Age at birth<18 years and birth order≥3 | 9 | 0·4 |
| Age at birth<18 years, birth interval <24 months and birth order≥3 | – | – |
| Age at birth>34 years and birth interval <24 months | – | – |
| Age at birth>34 years and birth order≥3 | 88 | 4·0 |
| Age at birth>34 years, birth interval <24 months and birth order≥3 | 12 | 0·4 |
| Birth interval<24 months and birth order≥3 | 62 | 2·8 |
Numbers are unweighted; percentages are weighted.
†
Aspects of family decisions a woman participated alone or jointly in making.
‡
BMI categories were chronic undernourished (<18·5 kg/m2), normal (18·5–24 9 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (≥25·0 kg/m2).