Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of study participants according to different forms of high-risk fertility behaviours; ever-married women aged 15–49 years living with at least one child younger than 5 years, 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (n 2197)
| Characteristic | Any risk (%) | 95 % CI | Single high-risk (%) | 95 % CI | Multiple high-risk (%) | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||
| 15–24 | 38·9 | 35·7, 42·2 | 35·5 | 32·4, 38·9 | 3·3 | 2·4, 4·7 |
| 25–34 | 36·0 | 32·1, 40·1 | 30·7 | 26·9, 34·8 | 5·3 | 3·8, 7·3 |
| 35–49 | 83·1 | 75·8, 88·5 | 29·4 | 22·9, 36·9 | 53·7 | 46·0, 61·2 |
| P value | <0·001 | 0·094 | <0·001 | |||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| No education | 64·3 | 58·8, 69··6 | 39·4 | 33·8, 45·4 | 24·9 | 20·3, 30·1 |
| Primary education | 46·8 | 42·8, 50·9 | 38·5 | 34·6, 42·6 | 8·3 | 6·4, 10·7 |
| Secondary or higher education | 30·2 | 27·3, 33·2 | 27·1 | 24·2, 30·2 | 3·0 | 2·1, 4·4 |
| P value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Maternal decision-making autonomy (no. of aspects)† | ||||||
| 0 | 45·1 | 39·5, 50·7 | 34·9 | 29·7, 40·6 | 10·1 | 7·4, 13·6 |
| 1 | 43·2 | 36·5, 50·2 | 33·5 | 27·5, 40·1 | 9·7 | 6·4, 14·4 |
| 2 | 41·6 | 35·5, 48·0 | 34·3 | 28·5, 40·6 | 7·3 | 4·4, 11·8 |
| 3 | 37·0 | 30·9, 43·5 | 28·5 | 22·9, 34·7 | 8·5 | 5·6, 12·7 |
| 4 | 41·5 | 37·7, 45·5 | 33·1 | 29·6, 36·8 | 8·4 | 6·6, 10·7 |
| P value | 0·412 | 0·542 | 0·771 | |||
| Respondent employed | ||||||
| No | 42·1 | 39·4, 44·9 | 33·3 | 30·7, 35·9 | 8·8 | 7·5, 10·3 |
| Yes | 39·0 | 32·3, 46·2 | 30·6 | 24·6, 37·3 | 8·4 | 5·3, 13·2 |
| P value | 0·435 | 0·453 | 0·855 | |||
| Religion | ||||||
| Non-Muslim | 29·3 | 22·2, 37·7 | 24·4 | 17·8, 32·5 | 4·9 | 2·4, 9·7 |
| Muslim | 43·0 | 40·4, 45·6 | 33·8 | 31·4, 36·4 | 9·1 | 7·9, 10·6 |
| P value | 0·002 | 0·027 | 0·072 | |||
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Rural | 44·7 | 41·8, 47·6 | 35·0 | 32·3, 37·8 | 9·7 | 8·3, 11·4 |
| Urban | 31·9 | 27·3, 36·8 | 26·2 | 21·9, 31·1 | 5·6 | 3·6, 8·7 |
| P value | <0·001 | 0·002 | 0·02 | |||
| No. of household members (tertiles) | ||||||
| 2–4 | 28·0 | 24·4, 32·0 | 24·5 | 20·9, 28·5 | 3·5 | 2·3, 5·4 |
| 5–6 | 45·7 | 41·6, 50·0 | 36·1 | 32·0, 40·5 | 9·6 | 7·5, 12·2 |
| 7+ | 50·3 | 46·1, 54·4 | 37·4 | 33·6, 41·3 | 12·9 | 10·3, 15·9 |
| P value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poor | 53·8 | 49·5, 57·9 | 41·4 | 37·2, 45·6 | 12·4 | 10·7, 15·2 |
| Middle | 41·5 | 37·7, 45·5 | 32·4 | 28·8, 36·3 | 9·1 | 7·0, 11·8 |
| Rich | 28·5 | 24·8, 32·4 | 24·2 | 20·8, 27·8 | 4·3 | 2·9, 6·3 |
| P value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Maternal BMI category‡ | ||||||
| Chronic undernutrition | 42·2 | 39·1, 45·4 | 33·6 | 30·7, 36·7 | 8·6 | 7·0, 10·5 |
| Normal | 48·1 | 43·6, 52·7 | 37·8 | 33·5, 42·4 | 13·9 | 7·9, 16·3 |
| Overweight/obese | 24·6 | 19·2, 31·0 | 18·3 | 14·0, 24·1 | 6·4 | 3·3, 11·9 |
| P value | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·025 | |||
| Maternal height (cm) | ||||||
| <145 | 41·1 | 38·4, 43·7 | 32·4 | 29·9, 35·0 | 8·7 | 7·4, 10·2 |
| ≥145 | 46·6 | 40·1, 53·1 | 37·0 | 30·8, 43·7 | 9·5 | 6·4, 13·9 |
| P value | 0·111 | 0·179 | 0·657 | |||
| Anaemia | ||||||
| No | 39·0 | 35·9, 42·2 | 31·0 | 28·1, 34·1 | 8·0 | 6·5, 9·9 |
| Yes | 45·3 | 41·7, 49·0 | 35·6 | 32·1, 39·2 | 16·5 | 14·3, 18·2 |
| P value | 0·007 | 0·026 | ||||
| Coexistence of anaemia and undernutrition | ||||||
| No | 39·7 | 37·1, 42·4 | 31·6 | 29·2, 34·2 | 8·1 | 6·7, 9·7 |
| Yes | 54·6 | 47·8, 61·2 | 41·6 | 35·1, 48·3 | 13·0 | 9·0, 18·5 |
| P value | <0·001 | 0·004 | 0·034 | |||
| Type of delivery | ||||||
| Normal | 45·0 | 42·3, 47·6 | 35·0 | 32·5, 37·6 | 9·9 | 8·5, 11·5 |
| Caesarean | 22·7 | 17·6, 28·7 | 20·7 | 15·8, 26·6 | 2·0 | 0·8, 4·7 |
| P value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Pregnancy intention | ||||||
| Unintended | 61·6 | 57·1, 66·0 | 43·6 | 39·1, 48·2 | 18·1 | 14·8, 21·9 |
| Intended | 33·0 | 30·2, 35·9 | 28·3 | 25·7, 31·1 | 4·7 | 3·7, 5·9 |
| P value | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Current use of contraception | ||||||
| No | 41·6 | 37·5, 45·7 | 35·0 | 31·1, 39·2 | 6·6 | 4·8, 8·9 |
| Yes | 41·9 | 38·9, 45·0 | 32·0 | 29·4, 34·8 | 9·8 | 8·2, 11·7 |
| P value | 0·898 | 0·205 | 0·027 | |||
| Prevalence (%) | 41·8 | 33·0 | 8·8 | |||
†
Aspects of family decisions a woman participated alone or jointly in making.
‡
BMI categories were chronic undernourished (<18·5 kg/m2), normal (18·5–24·9 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (≥25·0 kg/m2).