Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for covariates used in the analysis and P values of differences in mean values, by country and cohort, Young Lives study
| Ethiopia | India | Peru | Vietnam | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OC – 2006 (n 980) | YC – 2013 (n 1871) | OC – 2006 (n 994) | YC – 2013 (n 1914) | OC – 2006 (n 685) | YC – 2013 (n 1737) | OC – 2006 (n 990) | YC – 2013 (n 1900) | |||||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value | |
| Adolescent’s age (months) | 144·64 | 3·81 | 145·49 | 3·89 | 0·000 | 147·89 | 4·27 | 143·86 | 3·82 | 0·000 | 147·79 | 5·72 | 143·02 | 3·71 | 0·000 | 146·97 | 3·92 | 146·38 | 3·82 | 0·000 |
| Adolescent is male | 0·51 | 0·50 | 0·53 | 0·50 | 0·401 | 0·49 | 0·50 | 0·54 | 0·50 | 0·013 | 0·54 | 0·50 | 0·50 | 0·50 | 0·113 | 0·50 | 0·50 | 0·51 | 0·50 | 0·405 |
| Main caregiver’s age (years) | 39·33 | 9·52 | 42·05 | 9·55 | 0·000 | 34·92 | 6·30 | 35·31 | 6·16 | 0·112 | 39·60 | 8·51 | 38·80 | 7·90 | 0·028 | 39·21 | 7·41 | 39·55 | 7·81 | 0·253 |
| Main caregiver is male | 0·04 | 0·19 | 0·25 | 0·43 | 0·000 | 0·02 | 0·13 | 0·01 | 0·12 | 0·527 | 0·02 | 0·14 | 0·01 | 0·09 | 0·016 | 0·04 | 0·19 | 0·08 | 0·27 | 0·000 |
| Main caregiver’s years of education | 2·13 | 3·47 | 2·37 | 3·66 | 0·087 | 2·31 | 3·79 | 3·32 | 4·40 | 0·000 | 7·20 | 4·49 | 7·55 | 4·37 | 0·077 | 6·75 | 3·83 | 7·55 | 3·18 | 0·000 |
| Household head’s age (years) | 46·58 | 11·41 | 46·79 | 10·60 | 0·623 | 42·51 | 9·62 | 41·24 | 7·97 | 0·000 | 43·66 | 10·54 | 43·12 | 10·07 | 0·239 | 42·08 | 8·44 | 43·88 | 10·51 | 0·000 |
| Household head is male | 0·74 | 0·44 | 0·73 | 0·44 | 0·609 | 0·89 | 0·31 | 0·89 | 0·31 | 0·763 | 0·80 | 0·40 | 0·83 | 0·38 | 0·138 | 0·87 | 0·34 | 0·86 | 0·35 | 0·360 |
| Household size | 6·50 | 2·05 | 8·22 | 2·63 | 0·000 | 5·20 | 1·83 | 6·99 | 3·12 | 0·000 | 5·58 | 1·99 | 7·73 | 3·08 | 0·000 | 4·90 | 1·38 | 6·00 | 2·33 | 0·000 |
| Wealth index† | 0·30 | 0·17 | 0·38 | 0·18 | 0·000 | 0·47 | 0·20 | 0·56 | 0·16 | 0·000 | 0·50 | 0·22 | 0·48 | 0·16 | 0·001 | 0·51 | 0·17 | 0·64 | 0·26 | 0·000 |
| Urban‡ | 0·40 | 0·49 | 0·40 | 0·49 | 0·867 | 0·24 | 0·43 | 0·28 | 0·45 | 0·032 | 0·75§ | 0·43 | 0·47 | 0·50 | 0·000 | 0·20 | 0·40 | 0·20 | 0·40 | 0·724 |
OC, older cohort (born 1994/95); YC, younger cohort (born 2001/02).
†
Wealth index is a composite asset index which ranges from 0 to 1.
‡
The definition of urban/rural is based on each country’s National Statistical Office definition.
§
A substantively larger proportion of the OC in Peru is urban, because only twenty-five children were recruited in some of the provincial sites towards the end of the enrolment in the first round of the study.