Table 2.
Changes in process measurements for the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention (face-to-face and mobile) groups and control groups. Between-group effect sizes and between-group analyses compare ACT Interventions with the control group
| Pre | Post | Fup | Change pre–fup | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Between-group effect size, Cohen’s d | Between-group analysis: ACT (face/mobile) v. control, P value |
| AAQ-II | ||||||||
| Face | 20·2 | 8·5 | 18·1 | 8·4 | 17·0 | 7·6 | −0·12 | 0·233 |
| Mobile | 20·3 | 9·1 | 18·6 | 9·0 | 16·0 | 8·4 | −0·25 | |
| Control | 21·5 | 9·2 | 20·4 | 9·7 | 19·4 | 8·9 | ||
| AAQW | ||||||||
| Face | 85·4 | 19·2 | 78·0 | 19·0 | 73·0 | 21·1 | −0·44 | 0·000**,† |
| Mobile | 88·2 | 21·1 | 80·9 | 19·9 | 80·5 | 22·7 | −0·20 | |
| Control | 87·3 | 20·1 | 86·0 | 22·4 | 83·7 | 23·2 | ||
| FFMQ total | ||||||||
| Face | 134·7 | 17·0 | 134·0 | 19·5 | 139·0 | 18·8 | 0·06 | 0·967‡/0·009**,†,§ |
| Mobile | 131·7 | 19·1 | 137·3 | 19·3 | 139·7 | 21·5 | 0·13 | |
| Control | 131·1 | 20·4 | 131·4 | 21·0 | 134·3 | 19·5 | ||
| Observe | ||||||||
| Face | 26·2 | 5·1 | 27·3 | 3·8 | 28·0 | 5·0 | 0·24 | 0·002**,† |
| Mobile | 26·0 | 5·0 | 27·2 | 5·4 | 27·4 | 6·4 | 0·16 | |
| Control | 26·0 | 5·0 | 25·6 | 5·6 | 26·6 | 5·3 | ||
| Describe | ||||||||
| Face | 29·4 | 6·5 | 30·0 | 7·0 | 30·6 | 5·6 | 0·15 | 0·128 |
| Mobile | 29·8 | 6·8 | 31·0 | 6·8 | 30·4 | 7·0 | 0·06 | |
| Control | 30·2 | 6·7 | 29·8 | 6·6 | 30·4 | 6·3 | ||
| ActAware | ||||||||
| Face | 27·7 | 5·9 | 26·2 | 5·8 | 27·3 | 5·3 | −0·10 | 0·107‡/0·251§ |
| Mobile | 25·3 | 5·6 | 25·8 | 6·3 | 27·0 | 6·8 | 0·26 | |
| Control | 25·1 | 5·9 | 25·2 | 6·5 | 25·3 | 6·1 | ||
| NonJudge | ||||||||
| Face | 28·9 | 6·1 | 28·3 | 6·1 | 30·0 | 5·3 | −0·03 | 0·389 |
| Mobile | 28·6 | 6·2 | 29·9 | 5·3 | 31·6 | 5·4 | 0·26 | |
| Control | 28·1 | 7·2 | 28·6 | 7·0 | 29·4 | 7·2 | ||
| NonReact | ||||||||
| Face | 22·2 | 4·3 | 22·2 | 4·6 | 23·0 | 4·8 | −0·02 | 0·631‡/0·161§ |
| Mobile | 21·9 | 5·2 | 23·4 | 4·6 | 23·3 | 5·3 | 0·10 | |
| Control | 21·7 | 5·5 | 22·1 | 5·4 | 22·6 | 5·0 | ||
| SOC-13 | ||||||||
| Face | 53·1 | 5·1 | 62·6 | 11·7 | 63·8 | 11·0 | 0·14 | 0·525 |
| Mobile | 51·9 | 5·3 | 61·6 | 11·0 | 63·6 | 11·6 | 0·32 | |
| Control | 51·1 | 6·3 | 59·6 | 12·0 | 61·0 | 12·7 | ||
Pre, pre-intervention; post, post-intervention; fup, follow-up; AAQ-II, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II; AAQW, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight; FFMQ, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; Observe, Observing subscale of FFMQ; Describe, Describing subscale of FFMQ; ActAware, Acting with Awareness subscale of FFMQ; NonJudge, Non-judgement of Inner Experiences subscale of FFQM; NonReact, Non-reactivity to Inner Experiences subscale of FFMQ; SOC-13, sense of coherence measured with the thirteen-item Orientation to Life Questionnaire.
Means and sd were calculated using Mplus software version 7 with full information maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters. A between-group effect size of 0·2 was considered clinically small, 0·5 medium and 0·8 large( 45 ).
**P<0·01.
Difference in change scores from pre to post was significance at the P<0·05 level. Difference in change scores from post to fup was not significant at the P<0·05 level.
Between-group analysis comparing ACT face-to-face with the control group.
Between-group analysis comparing ACT mobile with the control group.