Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by country; data from the most recent and pooled Demographic and Health Survey data sets*
| Burkina Faso | DRC | Ethiopia | Kenya | Mali | Niger | Nigeria | Tanzania | Uganda | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Socio-economic | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mother's employment | ||||||||||||||||||
| Not working | 1495 | 26·2 | 2305 | 33·9 | 3097 | 73·9 | 1591 | 47·0 | 2243 | 59·0 | 3957 | 80·3 | 4479 | 38·3 | 966 | 24·8 | 916 | 31·5 |
| Working | 4213 | 73·8 | 4491 | 66·1 | 1095 | 26·1 | 1795 | 53·0 | 1559 | 41·0 | 973 | 19·7 | 7224 | 61·7 | 2928 | 75·2 | 1993 | 68·5 |
| Mother's education | ||||||||||||||||||
| No schooling | 4750 | 83·2 | 1234 | 18·2 | 2798 | 66·7 | 809 | 11·5 | 3109 | 81·8 | 4203 | 85·3 | 5573 | 47·6 | 758 | 19·4 | 371 | 12·7 |
| Primary education | 621 | 10·9 | 2886 | 42·5 | 1204 | 28·7 | 3845 | 54·7 | 335 | 8·8 | 474 | 9·6 | 2082 | 17·8 | 2483 | 63·8 | 1863 | 64·0 |
| Secondary education or above | 337 | 5·9 | 2677 | 39·4 | 191 | 4·5 | 2370 | 33·8 | 358 | 9·4 | 248 | 5·0 | 4057 | 34·6 | 654 | 16·8 | 679 | 23·3 |
| Household wealth | ||||||||||||||||||
| Poor | 2379 | 41·7 | 3004 | 44·2 | 1910 | 45·6 | 3162 | 45·0 | 1539 | 40·5 | 1950 | 39·6 | 5331 | 45·5 | 1779 | 45·7 | 1289 | 44·3 |
| Middle | 2465 | 43·2 | 2634 | 38·8 | 1614 | 38·5 | 2482 | 35·3 | 1587 | 41·8 | 2072 | 42·0 | 4337 | 37·0 | 1476 | 37·9 | 1107 | 38·0 |
| Rich | 866 | 15·2 | 1159 | 17·1 | 669 | 16·0 | 1380 | 19·7 | 676 | 17·8 | 908 | 18·4 | 2044 | 17·5 | 640 | 16·4 | 517 | 17·8 |
| Health service | ||||||||||||||||||
| Frequency of ANC visits | ||||||||||||||||||
| None | 208 | 3·6 | 683 | 10·1 | 2373 | 56·6 | 276 | 3·9 | 954 | 25·1 | 617 | 12·5 | 4141 | 35·4 | 92 | 2·4 | 162 | 5·6 |
| 1–3 | 3629 | 63·6 | 2927 | 43·1 | 1085 | 25·9 | 2908 | 41·4 | 1277 | 33·6 | 2655 | 53·9 | 1556 | 13·3 | 1931 | 49·6 | 1408 | 48·3 |
| ≥4 | 1872 | 32·8 | 3185 | 46·9 | 735 | 17·5 | 3838 | 54·7 | 1571 | 41·3 | 1658 | 33·6 | 6015 | 51·4 | 1871 | 48·0 | 1343 | 46·1 |
| Place of birth | ||||||||||||||||||
| Home | 1484 | 26·0 | 1342 | 19·8 | 3717 | 88·6 | 2425 | 34·6 | 1597 | 42·0 | 3237 | 65·7 | 7296 | 62·3 | 1335 | 34·3 | 981 | 33·7 |
| Health facility | 4225 | 74·0 | 5453 | 80·3 | 476 | 11·4 | 4591 | 65·4 | 2205 | 58·0 | 1693 | 34·4 | 4416 | 37·7 | 2560 | 65·7 | 1931 | 66·3 |
| PNC visits | ||||||||||||||||||
| None | 847 | 14·8 | 3536 | 52·0 | 3825 | 91·2 | 5056 | 72·0 | 2067 | 54·4 | 2902 | 58·9 | 6815 | 58·2 | 2519 | 64·6 | 1873 | 64·3 |
| 0–2 d | 2210 | 38·7 | 1027 | 15·1 | 143 | 3·4 | 1150 | 16·4 | 1181 | 31·1 | 1328 | 26·9 | 3389 | 28·9 | 516 | 13·3 | 545 | 18·7 |
| 3–42 d | 2653 | 46·5 | 2234 | 32·9 | 225 | 5·4 | 818 | 11·6 | 554 | 14·6 | 701 | 14·2 | 1508 | 12·9 | 859 | 22·1 | 494 | 17·0 |
| Individual | ||||||||||||||||||
| Child gender | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 2894 | 50·7 | 3404 | 50·1 | 2166 | 51·7 | 3589 | 51·1 | 1924 | 50·6 | 2478 | 50·3 | 5869 | 50·1 | 1974 | 50·7 | 1448 | 49·7 |
| Female | 2816 | 49·3 | 3393 | 49·9 | 2027 | 48·4 | 3435 | 48·9 | 1878 | 49·4 | 2452 | 49·7 | 5843 | 49·9 | 1920 | 49·3 | 1465 | 50·3 |
| Child age (months) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0–5 | 1504 | 26·4 | 1935 | 28·5 | 1248 | 29·8 | 1673 | 23·8 | 974 | 25·6 | 1480 | 30·0 | 2926 | 25·0 | 855 | 22·0 | 784 | 26·9 |
| 6–11 | 1469 | 25·7 | 1747 | 25·7 | 1111 | 26·5 | 1871 | 26·6 | 1061 | 27·9 | 1279 | 25·9 | 3198 | 27·3 | 957 | 25·0 | 811 | 27·9 |
| 12–17 | 1451 | 25·4 | 1363 | 20·1 | 834 | 19·9 | 1589 | 22·6 | 890 | 23·4 | 841 | 17·1 | 2282 | 19·5 | 1074 | 28·2 | 637 | 21·9 |
| 18–23 | 1286 | 22·5 | 1753 | 25·8 | 1000 | 23·9 | 1892 | 26·9 | 877 | 23·1 | 1331 | 27·0 | 3306 | 28·2 | 918 | 24·8 | 680 | 23·4 |
| Mother's age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 15–24 | 2005 | 35·1 | 2323 | 34·2 | 1282 | 30·6 | 2697 | 38·4 | 1287 | 33·8 | 1618 | 32·8 | 3629 | 31·0 | 1556 | 40·0 | 1120 | 38·5 |
| 25–34 | 2586 | 45·3 | 3201 | 47·1 | 2077 | 49·5 | 3307 | 47·1 | 1840 | 48·4 | 2385 | 48·4 | 5675 | 48·5 | 1606 | 41·3 | 1281 | 44·0 |
| 35–49 | 1118 | 19·6 | 1273 | 18·7 | 834 | 19·9 | 1020 | 14·5 | 675 | 17·8 | 927 | 18·8 | 2408 | 20·6 | 732 | 18·7 | 511 | 17·6 |
| Household | ||||||||||||||||||
| Household location | ||||||||||||||||||
| Urban | 982 | 17·2 | 2104 | 31·0 | 557 | 13·3 | 2456 | 35·0 | 768 | 20·2 | 677 | 13·7 | 4180 | 35·7 | 1059 | 27·2 | 419 | 14·4 |
| Rural | 4728 | 82·8 | 4694 | 69·1 | 3635 | 86·7 | 4568 | 65·0 | 3034 | 79·8 | 4254 | 86·3 | 7533 | 64·3 | 2835 | 72·8 | 2493 | 85·6 |
DRC, Demographic Republic of Congo; ANC, antenatal clinic; PNC, postnatal clinic.
*
Burkina Faso (2010), N 5710; DRC (2013), N 6797; Ethiopia (2013), N 4193; Kenya (2014), N 7024; Mali (2013), N 3802; Niger (2013), N 4930; Nigeria (2013), N 11 712; Tanzania (2015), N 3894; and Uganda (2010), N 2913.