TABLE 1.
High‐pressure acidified steaming with citric acid detoxified mycotoxins.
| Sample | Total aflatoxin (μg/kg) | AFB1 (μg/kg) | AFG1 (μg/kg) | Ochratoxin A (μg/kg) | Citrinin (μg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M5.0 | 7.02c ± 0.02 | 4.02c ± 0.00 | 5.68c ± 0.02 | 4.72d ± 0.01 | 3.09c ± 0.01 |
| M4.5 | 6.44e ± 0.05 | ND | 4.43d ± 0.02 | 4.19e ± 0.02 | ND |
| M4.0 | 4.18g ± 0.02 | ND | 3.91g ± 0.01 | 3.26f ± 0.02 | ND |
| MC | 10.06a ± 0.02 | 8.21a ± 0.01 | 6.79b ± 0.00 | 8.11a ± 0.02 | 7.39a ± 0.01 |
| G5.0 | 6.71d ± 0.01 | 3.03d ± 0.02 | 5.68c ± 0.02 | 5.17c ± 0.01 | ND |
| G4.5 | 5.82f ± 0.00 | ND | 4.30e ± 0.14 | 2.34g ± 0.02 | ND |
| G4.0 | 4.07h ± 0.02 | ND | 4.11f ± 0.00 | ND | ND |
| GC | 8.11b ± 0.01 | 4.88b ± 0.01 | 7.04a ± 0.02 | 6.75b ± 0.01 | 4.71b ± 0.00 |
| LSD | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 0.84 |
| Limits* | 4.00–6.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 100 |
Note: The values are means and standard deviations of the test samples. Mean with different superscripts are significantly different at p ≤ .05. MC and GC, mycotoxin content of the raw maize and groundnut (peanut) samples, respectively; M5.0 and G5.0, mycotoxin content of the maize and peanut samples, respectively, after HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 5.0; M4.5 and G4.5, mycotoxin content of the maize and peanut samples, respectively, after HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 4.5; M4.0 and G4.0, mycotoxin content of the maize and peanut samples, respectively, after HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 4.0. LSD, the least significant difference. ND, not detected, that is, no mycotoxin was found.