TABLE 4.
Total meat correlated to cardiovascular disease incidence in different country groupings.
| Country groupings | Pearson's r | p | Nonparametric | p | Mean of total meat (kg/capita/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worldwide (n = 171) | .688** | <.001 | 0.752** | <.001 | 49.10 |
| United Nations common practice | |||||
| Developed, n = 43 | .229 | .140 | 0.129 | .411 | 73.95 |
| Developing, n = 128 | .614** | <.001 | 0.671** | <.001 | 39.09 |
| Fisher's r‐to‐z transformation | Developing vs. developed: z = 2.65, p < .010 | Developing vs. developed: z = 3.76, p < .001 | |||
| World Bank income classifications | |||||
| High income (HI), n = 50 | .211 | .141 | 0.209 | .144 | 75.84 |
| Low income (LI), n = 25 | .307 | .135 | 0.377 | .063 | 19.57 |
| Low–middle income (LMI), n = 46 | .385** | <.010 | 0.476** | <.001 | 27.36 |
| Upper middle income (UMI), n = 50 | .332* | .019 | 0.377** | .007 | 51.91 |
| Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LI, LMI, UMI), n = 121 | .597** | <.001 | 0.672** | <.001 | 24.58 |
| Fisher's r‐to‐z transformation | Low and middle income vs. high: z = 2.52, p < .010 | Low and middle income vs. high: z = 3.49, p < .001 | |||
| WHO regions | |||||
| African region, n = 43 | .229 | .140 | 0.129 | .411 | 22.02 |
| American region, n = 34 | .672** | <.001 | 0.723** | <.001 | 63.33 |
| Eastern Mediterranean region, n = 18 | .472* | <.050 | 0.486* | <.050 | 30.69 |
| European region, n = 50 | .665** | <.001 | 0.519** | <.001 | 65.74 |
| South‐East Asian Region, n = 9 | .108 | .781 | −0.100 | .798 | 25.54 |
| Western Pacific Region, n = 17 | .240 | .354 | 0.368 | .147 | 61.00 |
| Countries grouped with various factors | |||||
| Asia Cooperation Dialogue, n = 28 | .300 | .121 | 0.408* | <.050 | 37.62 |
| Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation, n = 17 | .322 | .207 | 0.424 | .090 | 66.47 |
| Arab World, n = 18 | .311 | .210 | 0.232 | .354 | 31.14 |
| English as official language, n = 46 | .789** | <.001 | 0.865** | <.001 | 47.29 |
| Latin America, n = 20 | .608** | <.010 | 0.704** | <.001 | 55.90 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean, n = 32 | .626** | <.001 | 0.680** | <.001 | 60.78 |
| Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, n = 37 | .303 | .068 | 0.135 | .425 | 76.75 |
| Southern African Development Community, n = 16 | .790** | <.001 | 0.768** | <.001 | 29.57 |
Note: Pearson r and nonparametric correlations within country groupings were reported.
Data source and definition: Total meat, measured with total meats supply quantity (kg/capita/year) in 2017, the Food and Agriculture Organization; Cardiovascular disease incidence, the number of new cases per 100,000 in 2017, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
All the data were log‐transformed for correlation analysis.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.