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. 2023 May 29;12:e43308. doi: 10.2196/43308

Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of people observed in New Orleans, New York, Florida, and New Jersey.

Characteristic Mask (n=241) No mask (n=249) Total (n=490) Chi-square test





Chi-square, (df) Value, n P value
Gender appearance, n (%) 0.0026 (1) 488 .96

Male 120 (49.8) 154 (61.8) 274 (55.9)



Female 121 (50.2) 95 (38.2) 216 (44.1)


Age, n (%) 0.2725 (1) 489 .60

Child 11 (4.6) 9 (3.6) 20 (4.1)



Adult 230 (95.4) 240 (96.4) 470 (95.9)


Face touch, n (%) 8.64 (1) 490 <.05

Yes 56 (23.2) 88 (35.3) 144 (29.4)



No 185 (76.8) 161 (64.7) 346 (70.6)


Multiple face touch, n (%) 9.672 (1) 490 <.05

Yes 17 (7.1) 40 (16.1) 57 (11.6)



No 224 (92.9) 209 (83.9) 433 (88.4)


Long face touch, n (%) 5.864 (1) 490 <.05

Yes 29 (12) 50 (20) 79 (16.1)



No 212 (88) 199 (80) 411 (83.9)


Site of face touch, n 15.68 (9) 144 <.05

1 5 10 15



2 1 3 4



3 21 28 49



4 1 2 3



5 4 5 9



6 2 18 20



7 9 7 16



8 5 2 7



9 1 6 7



10 7 7 14


Oral activity, n (%) 36.84 (1) 490 <.05

Yes 1 (0.4) 38 (15.3) 39 (8)



No 240 (99.6) 211 (84.7) 451 (92)


Oral detail, n (%) 19.11 (3) 484 <.05

Smoking 0 (0) 11 (4.4) 11 (2.2)



Vaping 0 (0) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.4)



Drinking 1 (0.4) 19 (7.6) 20 (4.1)



Eating 0 (0) 6 (2.4) 6 (1.2)


Frequency of face touch (touch/s) 0.03 0.03 0.03


Location, n (%) 19.11 (3) 484 <.05

New Orleans 70 (29) 105 (42.2) 175 (35.7)



New York 161 (66.8) 122 (49) 283 (57.8)



New Jersey 6 (2.5) 8 (3.2) 14 (2.9)



Florida 4 (1.7) 14 (5.6) 18 (3.7)