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Rats exhibit escalation of oxycodone intake under an IntA schedule and show exaggerated seeking behavior during abstinence. (A) Experimental timeline. (B) Days to acquire self-administration. (C) Active and inactive lever presses across the 10 days of IntA. (D) Lever presses during cue-induced seeking tests on abstinence day 1 (AD1) and abstinence day 14 (AD14). N = 13 (7 females and 6 males). Data shown are mean ± SEM. Linear regression across all days **p < 0.01.
