Table 3.
Unadjusted and Adjusted a Hazard Ratios for the Association of Patient- and Catheter-Related Factors with Mechanical Complications in Pediatric Patients With PICCs (n = 3,205), Stratified By Age Group b
| Neonates | Non-neonates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Variable | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
| Age group | ||||
| 29 d to <6 mo | … | … | Ref. | Ref. |
| 6 mo to <1 y | … | … | 1.45 (0.84–2.49) | 1.36 (0.79–2.35) |
| 1 y to <3 y | … | … | 1.62 (1.07–2.47) | 1.64 (1.08–2.49) |
| 3 y to <10 y | … | … | 0.82 (0.54–1.22) | 0.83 (0.55–1.24) |
| ≥10 y | … | … | 0.86 (0.60–1.24) | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) |
| Disease group | ||||
| NICU | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| PMU | 1.07 (0.57–2.01) | 1.10 (0.58–2.08) | 3.37 (1.05–10.8) | 4.75 (1.44–15.7) |
| MSNU | 1.41 (0.76–2.62) | 1.50 (0.81–2.77) | 3.58 (1.11–11.6) | 4.75 (1.44–15.7) |
| Other | 2.20 (1.26–3.85) | 2.28 (1.28–4.04) | 4.92 (1.51–16.0) | 6.87 (2.05–23.0) |
| Urgency | ||||
| Elective | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Nonelective | 0.78 (0.60–1.01) | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) |
| Insertion side | ||||
| Right | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Left | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 1.09 (0.85–1.40) |
| Access vein | ||||
| Arm | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Jugular | 0.88 (0.66–1.18) | 0.82 (0.59–1.12) | 1.34 (0.96–1.85) | 0.98 (0.60–1.60) |
| Leg | 0.49 (0.36–0.65) | 0.48 (0.35–0.65) | 0.55 (0.23–1.31) | 0.41 (0.13–1.27) |
| Lumen count | ||||
| Single | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Multiple | 1.69 (1.16–2.48) | 1.83 (1.10–3.06) | 1.97 (1.24–3.11) | 2.63 (1.44–4.82) |
| Prior infection | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 2.06 (1.31–3.25) | 2.14 (1.34–3.42) | 1.65 (0.18–14.8) | 1.35 (0.25–7.37) |
| Prior Leak | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 2.11 (1.17–3.80) | 2.42 (1.30–4.49) | 9.76 (4.47–21.3) | 16.0 (7.97–32.3) |
Note. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MSNU, medical-surgical nursing unit; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter; PMU, pediatric medical unit; Ref, referent.
Models were adjusted for (1) age group model (non-neonates only): insertion side, period; (2) disease group model: age group (non-neonates only), insertion side, period; (3) urgency model: age group (non-neonates only), disease group, insertion side, lumen count; (4) insertion side model: access vein, age group (non-neonates only), disease group, urgency, lumen count, period; (5) access vein model: age group (non-neonates only), disease group, urgency, insertion side, lumen count, period; (6) lumen count model: age group (non-neonates only), disease group, urgency, insertion side, access vein, leak, period; (7) infection model: age group (non-neonates only), disease group, urgency, insertion side, access vein, lumen count, leak, period; (8) leak model: age group (non-neonates only), disease group, urgency, insertion side, access vein, lumen count, infection, period.
Neonates (aged ≤28 d) and non-neonates (aged >28 d).