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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 20;122:152367. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152367

Table 3.

Parental variables among participants.

HC PC IED Adjusted OR Adjusted OR
(n = 452) (n = 215) (n = 478) IED vs ALL IED vs PC
Both
 Biological Parents Married to Each Other 410
(90.7%)		 190
(88.4%)		 387
(81.0%)		 0.69
(0.47–1.01)
(p = 0.057)		 0.65
(0.39–1.10)
(p = 0.106)
 Raised by Both Parents 361
(79.9%)		 158
(73.5%)		 277
(57.9%)		 0.52
(0.39–0.69)
(p < 0.001)		 0.54
(0.37–0.79)
(p = 0.002)
Raised by One
 Biological Parent Parental Separation 135
(29.9%)		 92
(42.8%)		 250
(52.3%)		 1.64
(1.26–2.13)
(p < 0.001)		 1.30
(0.92–1.83)
(p = 0.140)
 Age at Separation (± SD) 9.6 ± 6.5 10.6 ± 6.1 9.2 ± 6.9 N/A N/A
 Frequent Contact - Mother 125
(92.6%)		 83
(90.2%)		 215
(86.0%)		 0.43
(0.24–0.75)
(p = 0.003)		 0.58
(0.28–1.19)
(p = 0.134)
 Frequent Contact - Father 57
(42.2%)		 36
(39.1%)		 32
(32.4%)		 0.60
(0.45–0.80)
(p < 0.001)		 0.69
(0.47–0.99)
(p = 0.050)

Note. HC = Healthy Controls; PC = Psychiatric Controls; IED = Intermittent Explosive Disorder.