Table 5.
Neuro-behavioral and learning issues in childhood/adolescence.
| HC | PC | IED | Adjusted OR | Adjusted OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 452) | (n = 215) | (n = 478) | IED vs ALL | IED vs PC | |
| History of Sleepwalking (Before Age 15) | 37 (8.2%) | 22 (10.2%) | 62 (13.0%) | 1.67 (1.12–2.49) (p = 0.016) |
1.46 (0.86–2.48) (p = 0.161) |
| History of Stuttering (Before Age 15) | 22 (4.9%) | 25 (11.6%) | 49 (10.3%) | 1.25 (0.81–1.94) (p = 0.318) |
0.77 (0.46–1.31) (p = 0.337) |
| History of Enuresis (After Age 5) | 33 (7.3%) | 48 (22.3%) | 87 (18.2%) | 1.35 (0.98–1.91) (p < 0.087) |
0.68 (0.45–1.02) (p = 0.062) |
| Learning Difficulties | 23 (5.1%) | 42 (19.5%) | 111 (23.2%) | 2.42 (1.71–3.43) (p < 0.001) |
1.18 (0.78–1.78) (p = 0.424) |
| Hels Back in Grade | 20 (4.4%) | 18 (8.4%) | 52 (10.9%) | 1.36 (0.86–2.17) (p = 0.190) |
1.10 (0.61–1.99) (p = 0.740) |
Note. HC = Healthy Controls; PC = Psychiatric Controls; IED = Intermittent Explosive Disorder.