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. 2023 Jun 12;23:383. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03079-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Forest plot of the mean differences (MD) between MR, s-CAIS and ST s-CAIS orthodontic mini-implants placement techniques respect the conventional free-hand technique at coronal entry-point. Column 1 lists the orthodontic mini-implants placement techniques included in the meta-analysis. Column 2 is the forest plot itself, the graphic part of the representation. It plots the coronal deviation between the orthodontic mini-implants placement techniques on both sides of the null effect line, represented by the conventional free-hand technique. Column 3 describes the mean deviation of each orthodontic mini-implants placement techniques respect the conventional free-hand technique, and column 4 presents the confidence interval