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. 2023 Jun 12;17:69. doi: 10.1186/s13034-023-00620-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Regularized partial correlation networks that include either PIU (a) or PSU (b) in association with other psychological variables in the girls' sample. Notes: Blue lines represent positive regularized partial correlations and red lines represent negative regularized partial correlations. The line thickness indicates the strength of this relationship. The grey pie chart surrounding each node depicts the proportion of a given node's variance, as explained by the other nodes in the network. PIU, problematic internet use; PSU, Problematic smartphone use; FoMO, fear of missing out; INT, Internalizing; EXT, Externalizing; HOPE, Hopelessness; RES, Resilience