Table 3.

Correlation differences between boys and girls in associations including PIU and PSU

Variable	PIU				PSU
	Boys	Girls	z	p	Boys	Girls	z	p
PIU	–	–	–	–	0.190	0.430	8.528	< 0.001
PSU	0.190	0.430	8.528	< 0.001	–	–	–	–
Externalizing	0.328	0.361	1.194	0.233	0.172	0.287	3.875	< 0.001
Internalizing	0.252	0.306	1.867	0.062	0.148	0.212	2.109	0.035
FoMO	0.161	0.261	3.339	0.001	0.270	0.325	1.924	0.054
Resilience	− 0.250	− 0.240	0.339	0.735	− 0.040	− 0.115	2.406	0.016
Hopelessness	0.248	0.277	0.993	0.321	0.106	0.178	2.343	0.019

PIU, problematic internet use; PSU, problematic smartphone use; FoMO, fear of missing out. Statistically significant correlation differences are highlighted in bold font