Table 2.
Synopsis of the studies included
| Reference | Year | Title | Country | Type of Study | N | Age | Medical condition | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ♀ | ♂ | Younger | Older | ||||||
| [49] | 2018 | Effects of short-term endurance exercise on gut microbiota in elderly men | Japan | Randomized crossover trial | 31 | 62 | 76 | Arterial Hypertension. Dyslipidemia, Hyperglycemia, Prostatic Hyperplasia | |
| [50] | 2018 | Gut dysbiosis is associated with the reduced exercise capacity of elderly patients with hypertension | China | Cross-sectional | 24 | 32 | 65 | 80 | Primary Hypertension |
| [51] | 2019 | The Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and the Gut Microbiome among Older Community-Dwelling Men | United States of America (metropolitan areas) | Cross-sectional | 373 | 78 | 98 | Osteoporotic Fractures | |
| [52] | 2019 | Aerobic Exercise Training with Brisk Walking Increases Intestinal Bacteroides in Healthy Elderly Women | Japan | 12-week non-randomized, comparative trial, where the allocation of the participants to either of the two exercise groups, AE and TM, was based on their preference | 29 | 66 | 75 | Healthy Sedentary Women | |
| [53] | 2019 | Muscle strength is increased in mice colonized with microbiota from high-functioning older adults | USA | Cross-sectional/Experimental | 13 | 16 | 70 | 85 | Sedentary older adults, defined as the absence of structured exercise during the previous six months |
| [54] | 2020 | Physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults is linked to dietary intake, gut microbiota, and metabolomic signatures | Denmark | Cross-sectional | 98 | 109 | 65 | 70 | N/A |
| [55] | 2020 | Differences in Gut Microbiome Composition between Senior Orienteering Athletes and Community-Dwelling Older Adults | Ireland | Cross-sectional | 51 | 45 | 68 | 76 | N/A |
| [56] | 2020 | Effects of exercise frequency on the gut microbiota in elderly individuals | USA | Data available from American Gut Project (AGP) [57] | 897 | Normoweight = 462 | Overweight = 413 | Overweight and Obesity | |
| [54] | 2021 | The Influence of Different Physical Activity Behaviours on the Gut Microbiota of Older Irish Adults | Ireland | Cross-sectional | 100 | 54 | 56 | 69 |
Cardio Vascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 7% |
| [48] | 2021 | Strenuous Physical Training, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Bacteroides to Prevotella Ratio in the Gut of Elderly Athletes | Slovakia | A cohort of two years (follow-up) | 22 | 63 | 67 | N/A | |
| [58] | 2022 | Increased physical activity improves gut microbiota composition and reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations in older adults with insomnia | Israel | Cross-sectional | 39 | 10 | LOW 73.66 ± 6.65 | HIGH 72.22 ± 5.08 | Insomnia |
| [59] | 2020 | Effect of an 8-week Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota in Physically Inactive Older Women | China | Randomized controlled trial | 6 | 6 | 60 | 75 | HbA1c < 6.5%; (3) fasting blood glucose < 7.0 mmol/L; (4) ability to live independently in the community without restrictions on gait or balance; and (5) no diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus or type Two diabetes mellitus |
| [15] | 2021 | Effect on the gut microbiota of 1-y lifestyle intervention with the Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion: PREDIMED-Plus Study | Spain | 1-year lifestyle intervention | 183 | 179 | 55 | 75 | HTA |
| [60] | 2022 | Effect of Concurrent Training on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity | France | Randomized controlled trial | 17 | N/A | |||
| [61] | 2022 | Exploring the Effects of Six Weeks of Resistance Training on the Fecal Microbiome of Older Adult Males: Secondary Analysis of a Peanut Protein Supplemented Randomized Controlled Trial | USA | Secondary analysis of 14 males that completed six weeks of resistance training | 14 | N/A | |||