. 2023 Jun 13;23:201. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02136-7

Table 1.

Main clinical characteristics of the included studies

First Author	Year	Country	Stage	Study design	Total	RA				GA				Follow-up
First Author	Year	Country	Stage	Study design	Total	Agents	Number	Age	Gender(M/F)	Agents	Number	Age	Gender(M/F)	(months)
Cheng Luo	2020	China	NMIBC	Retrospective single center	302	Marcaine	182	60^a	141/41	Propofol, Remifentanil Sevoflurane	120	60^a	98/22	33.5
Dale Jang	2016	Korea	T1-T2	Retrospective single center	161	Bupivacaine, Lidocaine	137	62.4 ± 10.8	107/30	Propofol, Etomidate Vecuronium, Rocuronium	24	67.5 ± 9.0	17/7	60
Ruifeng Xue	2022	China	NMIBC	Retrospective single center	528	Bupivacaine, Lidocaine, Ropivacaine	264	56.62 ± 13.809	239/25	Cis-atracurium, Fentanyl, Propofol, Remifentanil, Sevoflurane	264	58.54 ± 11.968	229/35	36
Sang Won Lee	2022	Korea	NMIBC	Retrospective single center	1164	NA	582	66.75 ± 6.09	460/122	NA	582	66.50 ± 6.06	460/122	52.6
Tingting Wang	2019	China	NMIBC	Retrospective single center	388	Bupivacaine Midazolam	136	69.27 ± 13.00	207/45	Propofol, Remifentanil, Rocuronium	252	62.09 ± 9.00	100/36	35.6
Woo-Jong Choi	2017	Korea	NMIBC	Retrospective single center	690	Bupivacaine, Midazolam	534	62 ± 12	436/98	Sevoflurane, Thiopental, Rocuronium, Atracurium, Nitrous oxide	156	61 ± 13	124/32	35
Yuri Koumpan	2018	Canada	NMIBC	Retrospective single center	231	NA	135	71.72 ± 10.57	109/26	NA	96	65.45 ± 10.86	77/19	65
Yuto Baba	2021	Japan	NMIBC	Retrospective multicenter	300	Bupivacaine	147	75^b	115/32	Fentanyl, Propofol, Sevoflurane	153	75^b	129/24	46.5

NMIBC non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, RA regional anesthesia, GA general anesthesia, M/F male/female, NA not available

^aRA: ≥ 60:114, < 60:68; GA: ≥ 60:80, < 60:40; ^bRA: ≥ 75:37, < 75:110;GA: ≥ 75:64, < 75: 89