Table 1.
Characteristics and outcomes of participants categorized by TyG indexaa
| Categories | Overall (N = 733 ) | Q1 (N = 183) | Q2 (N = 183) | Q3 (N = 183) | Q4 (N = 184) | χ2/F | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69 (58–79) | 75 (61–84) | 75 (63–81) | 68 (58–78) | 61 (50–69) | 77.4 | < 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 168 (160–178) | 168 (160–175) | 168 (160–175) | 170 (160–178) | 172 (163–178) | 12.65 | 0.005 |
| Weight (kg) | 79.3 (67.8–93.4) | 74 (63.2–87.5) | 74.8 (64.5–89.5) | 80.4 (70-96.8) | 87 (72.6-105.3) | 49.56 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 27.5 (24.0-32.2) | 26.0 (22.5–29.4) | 26.8 (23.0-31.1) | 27.8 (24.3–32.5) | 29.9 (26.0-35.2) | 44.50 | < 0.001 |
| Sex: male | 409 (55.8) | 97 (53.0) | 100 (54.6) | 104 (56.8) | 108 (58.7) | 1.33 | 0.711 |
| SOFA | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–7) | 10.17 | 0.016 |
| APS III | 41 (30–57) | 38 (29–53) | 42 (29–55) | 42 (31–59) | 42 (31–62) | 8.72 | 0.033 |
| SAPS II | 35 (28–34) | 35 (27–42) | 36 (29–45) | 35 (28–44) | 35 (27–46) | 3.23 | 0.357 |
| OASIS | 33 (27–39) | 31 (26–38) | 33 (28–39) | 33 (28–40) | 34 (28–40) | 5.65 | 0.130 |
| GCS | 14 (11–15) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (11–15) | 14 (11–15) | 15 (11–15) | 1.624 | 0.615 |
| Commorbidities | |||||||
| Heart failure | 207 (28.2) | 49 (26.8) | 68 (37.2) | 48 (26.2) | 42 (22.8) | 10.40 | 0.018 |
| Respiratory failure | 285 (38.9) | 43 (23.5) | 72 (39.3) | 73 (39.9) | 97 (52.7) | 33.14 | < 0.001 |
| Arterial fibrillation | 293 (40.0) | 77 (42.1) | 90 (49.2) | 73 (39.9) | 53 (28.8) | 16.37 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 268 (36.6) | 41 (22.4) | 62 (33.9) | 65 (35.5) | 100 (54.3) | 41.56 | < 0.001 |
| Paraplegia | 323 (44.1) | 91 (49.7) | 84 (45.9) | 74 (40.4) | 74 (40.2) | 4.71 | 0.196 |
| Renal disease | 127 (17.3) | 31 (16.9) | 32 (17.5) | 27 (14.8) | 37 (20.1) | 1.86 | 0.609 |
| Sepsis | 112 (15.3) | 17 (9.3) | 26 (14.2) | 26 (14.2) | 43 (23.4) | 14.70 | 0.003 |
| CCI | 6 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 7 (5–9) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 16.33 | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory tests | |||||||
| WBC, K/uL | 9.9 (7.6–13.1) | 8.9 (6.8–11.0) | 10.0 (7.7–12.8) | 10.3 (7.5–14.0) | 10.8 (8.6–14.2) | 31.23 | < 0.001 |
| RBC, m/uL | 3.7 (3.2–4.3) | 3.8 (3.3–4.3) | 3.8 (3.2–4.2) | 3.7 (3.1–4.3) | 3.7 (3.1–4.3) | 3.80 | 0.283 |
| Platelet, K/uL | 219 (166–289) | 207 (163–281) | 228 (182–296) | 217 (163–287) | 221.5 (161–302) | 4.51 | 0.211 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.1 (9.4–12.8) | 11.2 (9.5–13) | 11.3 (9.7–12.7) | 11.0 (9.2–12.9) | 10.7 (9.1–12.8) | 3.19 | 0.363 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 140 (137–143) | 140 (137–142) | 140 (138–143) | 140 (137–143) | 139 (137–144) | 1.36 | 0.712 |
| Serum creatinine | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 2.68 | 0.441 |
| TG, mg/d | 114 (84–167) | 71 (58–85) | 102 (87–119) | 140 (113–164) | 221 (169–292) | 490.41 | < 0.001 |
| FBG, mg/dL | 125 (104–153) | 104 (92–124) | 121 (105–140) | 129 (110–158) | 157 (125–216) | 171.54 | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.90 (8.53–9.34) | 8.26 (8.09–8.41) | 8.74 (8.64–8.82) | 9.09 (8.99–9.21) | 9.76 (9.53–10.03) | 686.25 | < 0.001 |
| IV-tPA | 129 (17.59) | 21 (11.48) | 25 (13.66) | 32 (17.49) | 51 (27.71) | 19.68 | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical thrombectomy | 74 (10.10) | 21 (11.48) | 20 (10.93) | 17 (9.29) | 16 (8.70) | 1.05 | 0.789 |
| Events | |||||||
| LOS ICU, days | 5 (2–10) | 3 (2–7) | 4 (2–8) | 5 (2–12) | 6.5 (3–13) | 33.47 | < 0.001 |
| LOS hospital, days | 13 (7–21) | 9 (5–15) | 12 (8–20) | 13 (7–22) | 16 (9.5–27) | 42.76 | 0.011 |
| ICU mortality | 109 (14.9) | 22 (12.0) | 17 (9.3) | 29 (15.8) | 41 (22.3) | 13.79 | 0.003 |
| Hospital mortality | 139 (19.0) | 26 (14.2) | 31 (16.9) | 33 (18.0) | 49 (26.6) | 10.32 | 0.016 |
a TyG index: Q1 (7.29–8.53), Q2 (8.53–8.90), Q3 (8.90–9.34), Q4 (9.34–11.34)
Abbreviation: TyG index, triglyceride glucose index; BMI, body mass index; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; APSIII, acute physiology score III; SAPSII, simplifed acute physiological score II; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; TG, triglyceride; FBG, fasting blood glucose; IV-tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator