Table 1.

Types of large databases used in anesthesiology patient safety studies

Database	Type	Examples of studies	Reference
PHD	Administrative private	Safety of administration of tranexamic acid and lack of heightened risk of thrombotic events	[14]
NRD	Administrative governmental	Readmission rates following spinal cord stimulator implantation are 7.7% and are most often due to infection; open surgical compared to percutaneous implantation was associated with both extended initial hospitalization and a higher rate of readmission	[17]
MPOG	Anesthesia Registry	Risk of difficult intubation of 1 : 49 and risk of failed intubation of 1 : 808 in cesarean delivery performed under general anesthesia	[21]
BIDARDR	EHR	Preoperative administration of gabapentinoids reduces the risk of hospital readmission and postoperative respiratory complications in the noncardiac surgical patient population	[25]
CCPHDS	EHR	The use of brachial artery cannulation for hemodynamic monitoring in a cardiac surgical population is safe and rarely causes complications.	[26]
ICES	Registry from Ontario, Canada	Care by high-volume anesthesiologists is independently associated with lower odds of a composite of 90-day major morbidity and readmission and lower unplanned intensive care unit admission	[28■]

BIDARDR, Beth Israel Deaconess Anesthesia Research Data Repository; CCPHDS, Cleveland Clinic Perioperative Health Documentation System; EHR, electronic health records; ICES, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Services; MPOG, Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group; NRD, National Readmission Database; PHD, Premier Healthcare Database.