Table 6 .
Simple Main Effects (Pairwise Comparisons) for Each Group, per Measure, between Time Intervals (N = 81)
| Measure and group | Time*
|
A – B, mean difference | SE | p-value | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | |||||
| Thickness of puborectalis (right), mm | ||||||
| PFMT | 1 | 2 | −0.912† | 0.375 | 0.02 | −1.659, −0.164 |
| 3 | −0.287 | 0.371 | 0.44 | −1.026, 0.451 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0.912† | 0.375 | 0.02 | 0.164, 1.659 | |
| 3 | 0.625† | 0.286 | 0.03 | 0.056, 1.193 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 0.287 | 0.371 | 0.44 | −0.451, 1.026 | |
| 2 | −0.625† | 0.286 | 0.03 | −1.193, −0.056 | ||
| Abdominal muscle training + PFMT | 1 | 2 | −1.161† | 0.348 | 0.00 | −1.853, −0.470 |
| 3 | −0.609 | 0.343 | 0.08 | −1.293, 0.075 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 1.161† | 0.348 | 0.00 | 0.470, 1.853 | |
| 3 | 0.553† | 0.264 | 0.04 | 0.026, 1.079 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 0.609 | 0.343 | 0.08 | −0.075, 1.293 | |
| 2 | −0.553† | 0.264 | 0.04 | −1.079, −0.026 | ||
| Control | 1 | 2 | −0.536 | 0.341 | 0.12 | −1.215, 0.144 |
| 3 | −1.191† | 0.337 | 0.00 | −1.863, −0.519 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0.536 | 0.341 | 0.12 | −0.144, 1.215 | |
| 3 | −0.655† | 0.260 | 0.01 | −1.172, −0.138 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 1.191† | 0.337 | 0.00 | 0.519, 1.863 | |
| 2 | 0.655† | 0.260 | 0.01 | 0.138, 1.172 | ||
| Movement of puborectalis, mm | ||||||
| PFMT | 1 | 2 | 0.942 | 1.579 | 0.55 | −2.202, 4.085 |
| 3 | −2.246 | 1.489 | 0.14 | −5.211, 0.719 | ||
| 2 | 1 | −0.942 | 1.579 | 0.55 | −4.085, 2.202 | |
| 3 | −3.187† | 1.457 | 0.03 | −6.088, −0.287 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 2.246 | 1.489 | 0.14 | −0.719, 5.211 | |
| 2 | 3.188† | 1.457 | 0.03 | 0.287, 6.088 | ||
| Abdominal muscle training + PFMT | 1 | 2 | −2.100 | 1.462 | 0.16 | −5.010, 0.811 |
| 3 | −0.537 | 1.379 | 0.70 | −3.282, 2.208 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 2.100 | 1.462 | 0.16 | −0.811, 5.010 | |
| 3 | 1.563 | 1.349 | 0.25 | −1.123, 4.248 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 0.537 | 1.379 | 0.70 | −2.208, 3.282 | |
| 2 | −1.563 | 1.349 | 0.25 | −4.248, 1.123 | ||
| Control | 1 | 2 | −0.989 | 1.437 | 0.49 | −3.849, 1.871 |
| 3 | 4.556† | 1.355 | 0.00 | 1.859, 7.254 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0.989 | 1.437 | 0.49 | −1.871, 3.849 | |
| 3 | 5.545† | 1.325 | 0.00 | 2.906, 8.183 | ||
| 3 | 1 | −4.556†’ | 1.355 | 0.00 | −7.254, −1.859 | |
| 2 | −5.545† | 1.325 | 0.00 | −8.183, −2.906 | ||
| Levator ani: Repetitions | ||||||
| PFMT | 1 | 2 | −0.458 | 0.669 | 0.50 | −1.790, 0.874 |
| 3 | −1.396† | 0.593 | 0.02 | −2.576, −0.216 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0.458 | 0.669 | 0.50 | −0.874, 1.790 | |
| 3 | −0.937 | 0.558 | 0.10 | −2.049, 0.174 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 1.396† | 0.593 | 0.02 | 0.216, 2.576 | |
| 2 | 0.938 | 0.558 | 0.10 | −0.174, 2.049 | ||
| Abdominal muscle training + PFMT | 1 | 2 | −2.964† | 0.619 | 0.00 | −4.198, −1.731 |
| 3 | −2.393† | 0.549 | 0.00 | −3.485, −1.300 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 2.964† | 0.619 | 0.00 | 1.731, 4.198 | |
| 3 | 0.571 | 0.517 | 0.27 | −0.458, 1.601 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 2.393† | 0.549 | 0.00 | 1.300, 3.485 | |
| 2 | −0.571 | 0.517 | 0.27 | −1.601, 0.458 | ||
| Control | 1 | 2 | −0.483 | 0.609 | 0.43 | −1.695, 0.729 |
| 3 | −1.103† | 0.539 | 0.04 | −2.177, −0.030 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0.483 | 0.609 | 0.43 | −0.729, 1.695 | |
| 3 | −0.621 | 0.508 | 0.23 | −1.632, 0.391 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 1.103† | 0.539 | 0.04 | 0.030, 2.177 | |
| 2 | 0.621 | 0.508 | 0.23 | −0.391, 1.632 | ||
| Levator ani: Fast contractions | ||||||
| PFMT | 1 | 2 | −2.042† | 0.797 | 0.01 | −3.628, −0.455 |
| 3 | −2.917† | 0.769 | 0.00 | −4.447, −1.386 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 2.042† | 0.797 | 0.01 | 0.455, 3.628 | |
| 3 | −0.875 | 0.651 | 0.18 | −2.170, 0.420 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 2.917† | 0.769 | 0.00 | 1.386, 4.447 | |
| 2 | 0.875 | 0.651 | 0.18 | −0.420, 2.170 | ||
| Abdominal muscle training + PFMT | 1 | 2 | −3.000† | 0.738 | 0.00 | −4.469, −1.531 |
| 3 | −4.214† | 0.712 | 0.00 | −5.632, −2.797 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 3.000† | 0.738 | 0.00 | 1.531, 4.469 | |
| 3 | −1.214† | 0.602 | 0.05 | −2.414, −0.015 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 4.214† | 0.712 | 0.00 | 2.797, 5.632 | |
| 2 | 1.214† | 0.602 | 0.05 | 0.015, 2.414 | ||
| Control | 1 | 2 | −0.828 | 0.725 | 0.26 | −2.271, 0.616 |
| 3 | 0.190 | 0.699 | 0.79 | −1.203, 1.582 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0.828 | 0.725 | 0.26 | −0.616, 2.271 | |
| 3 | 1.017 | 0.592 | 0.09 | −0.161, 2.196 | ||
| 3 | 1 | −0.190 | 0.699 | 0.79 | −1.582, 1.203 | |
| 2 | −1.017 | 0.592 | 0.09 | −2.196, 0.161 | ||
| Abdominal muscle, PBU, mmHg | ||||||
| PFMT | 1 | 2 | 0.083 | 0.967 | 0.93 | −1.843, 2.009 |
| 3 | −2.000† | 0.908 | 0.03 | −3.807, −0.193 | ||
| 2 | 1 | −0.083 | 0.967 | 0.93 | −2.009, 1.843 | |
| 3 | −2.083† | 0.877 | 0.02 | −3.829, −0.338 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 2.000† | 0.908 | 0.03 | 0.193, 3.807 | |
| 2 | 2.083† | 0.877 | 0.02 | 0.338, 3.829 | ||
| Abdominal muscle training + PFMT | 1 | 2 | −3.071† | 0.896 | 0.00 | −4.855, −1.288 |
| 3 | −4.571† | 0.840 | 0.00 | −6.244, −2.899 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 3.071† | 0.896 | 0.00 | 1.288, 4.855 | |
| 3 | −1.500 | 0.812 | 0.07 | −3.116, 0.116 | ||
| 3 | 1 | 4.571† | 0.840 | 0.00 | 2.899, 6.244 | |
| 2 | 1.500 | 0.812 | 0.07 | −0.116, 3.116 | ||
| Control | 1 | 2 | 0.431 | 0.880 | 0.63 | −1.321, 2.183 |
| 3 | 2.414† | 0.826 | 0.01 | 0.770, 4.057 | ||
| 2 | 1 | −0.431 | 0.880 | 0.63 | −2.183, 1.321 | |
| 3 | 1.983† | 0.798 | 0.02 | 0.395, 3.571 | ||
| 3 | 1 | −2.414† | 0.826 | 0.01 | −4.057, −0.770 | |
| 2 | −1.983† | 0.798 | 0.02 | −3.571, −0.395 | ||
| Personal domain (P-QOL) | ||||||
| PFMT | 1 | 2 | −30.278 | 16.381 | 0.07 | −63.568, 3.012 |
| 3 | 2.976 | 16.583 | 0.86 | −30.725, 36.677 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 30.278 | 16.381 | 0.07 | −3.012, 63.568 | |
| 3 | 33.254† | 13.905 | 0.02 | 4.997, 61.511 | ||
| 3 | 1 | −2.976 | 16.583 | 0.86 | −36.677, 30.725 | |
| 2 | −33.254† | 13.905 | 0.02 | −61.511, −4.997 | ||
| Abdominal muscle training + PFMT | 1 | 2 | 15.139 | 11.423 | 0.19 | −8.075, 38.352 |
| 3 | 8.631 | 11.564 | 0.46 | −14.869, 32.131 | ||
| 2 | 1 | −15.139 | 11.423 | 0.19 | −38.352, 8.075 | |
| 3 | −6.508 | 9.696 | 0.51 | −26.212, 13.196 | ||
| 3 | 1 | −8.631 | 11.564 | 0.46 | −32.131, 14.869 | |
| 2 | 6.508 | 9.696 | 0.51 | −13.196, 26.212 | ||
| Control | 1 | 2 | 7.778 | 10.211 | 0.45 | −12.974, 28.530 |
| 3 | 11.905 | 10.338 | 0.26 | −9.104, 32.913 | ||
| 2 | 1 | −7.778 | 10.211 | 0.45 | −28.530, 12.974 | |
| 3 | 4.127 | 8.668 | 0.64 | −13.488, 21.742 | ||
| 3 | 1 | −11.905 | 10.338 | 0.26 | −32.913, 9.104 | |
| 2 | −4.127 | 8.668 | 0.64 | −21.742, 13.488 | ||
*
Time 1 = baseline; Time 2 = 3 months; Time 3 = 6 months.
†
Significant at the 0.05 level.
PFMT = pelvic floor muscle training; PBU = pressure biofeedback unit; P-QOL = Prolapse-specific Quality of Life questionnaire.