Table 1.

Variants genome-wide significantly (p-value < 5 × 10⁻⁸) associated with DKD.

SNP	Reported gene	Diabetes population	Phenotype	N cases vs. controls	P-value	EA	NEA	OR	Refs
rs7583877	AFF3	T1D	ESKD	1,786 vs. 8,718	1.2 × 10−8	C	T	1.29	(44)
rs12437854	RGMA/MCTP2	T1D	ESKD	1,786 vs. 8,718	2.0 × 10−9	G	T	1.8	(44)
rs4972593	SP3/CDCA7	Women with T1D	ESKD	688 vs. 2,009	3.9 × 10−8	A	T	1.81	(45)
rs12523822	SCAF8/CNKSR3	T1D + T2D a	DKD	5,226 vs. 8,510	1.3 × 10−8	G	C	0.73	(46)
rs56094641	FTO	T2D	DKD	4,022 vs. 6,980	7.7 × 10−10	G	A	1.23	(47)
rs9942471	GABRR1	T2D	Microalbuminuria	1,989 vs. 2,238	4.5 × 10−8	A	C	1.25	(19)
rs72858591	RND3/RBM43	T2D cases vs. non-diabetic controls	ESKD	3,432 vs. 6,977	4.5 × 10−8	C	T	1.42	(48)
rs58627064	SLITRK3	T2D cases vs. non-diabetic controls	ESKD	3,432 vs. 6,977	6.8 × 10−10	T	G	1.62	(48)
rs142563193	ENPP7	T2D cases vs. non-diabetic controls	ESKD	3,432 vs. 6,977	1.2 × 10−8	A	G	0.74	(48)
rs142671759	ENPP7	T2D cases vs. non-diabetic controls	ESKD	3,432 vs. 6,977	5.5 × 10−9	C	T	2.26	(48)
rs4807299	GNG7	T2D cases vs. non-diabetic controls	ESKD	3,432 vs. 6,977	3.2 × 10−8	A	C	1.67	(48)
rs9622363	APOL1	T2D cases vs. non-diabetic controls	ESKD	3,432 vs. 6,977	1.4 × 10−10	A	G	0.77	(48)
rs75029938	GRAMD3	T2D excluding APOL1 carriers b	ESKD	2,768 vs. 6,059	2.0 × 10−9	T	C	1.89	(48)
rs17577888	MGAT4C	T2D excluding APOL1 carriers b	ESKD	2,768 vs. 6,059	3.9 × 10−8	T	G	0.67	(48)
rs55703767	COL4A3	T1D	DKD	4,948 vs. 12,076	5.3 × 10−12	T	G	0.79	(49)
rs12615970	COLEC11	T1D	CKD	4,266 vs. 14,838	9.4 × 10−9	G	A	0.76	(49)
rs142823282	TAMM41	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	1.1 × 10−11	G	A	6.75	(49)
rs145681168	HAND2-AS1	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	5.4 × 10−9	G	A	5.53	(49)
rs118124843	DDR1	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	3.4 × 10−8	T	C	3.78	(49)
rs77273076	MBLAC1	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	1.0 × 10−8	T	C	9.12	(49)
rs551191707	PRNCR1	T1D	ESKD vs. macroalbuminuria	2,187 vs. 2,725	4.4 × 10−8	CA	C	1.7	(49)
rs144434404	BMP7	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	4.7 × 10−9	T	C	6.75	(49)
rs115061173	LINC01266	T1D	ESKD	2,187 vs. 12,101	4.1 × 10−8	A	T	9.39	(49)
rs116216059	STAC	T1D	ESKD	2,187 vs. 17,216	1.4 × 10−8	A	C	8.76	(49)
rs191449639	MUC7	T1D	DKD	4,948 vs. 12,076	1.3 × 10−8	A	T	32.5	(49)
rs149641852	SNCAIP	T1D	CKD extreme	2,235 vs. 14,993	1.4 × 10−8	T	G	9.03	(49)
rs183937294	PLEKHA7	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	1.7 × 10−8	G	T	17.3	(49)
rs61983410	STXBP6	T1D	Microalbuminuria	2,477 vs. 12,113	3.1 × 10−8-	T	C	0.79	(49)
rs113554206	PAPLN	T1D	Macroalbuminuria	2,751 vs. 12,124	8.5 × 10−9	A	G	4.62	(49)
rs185299109	LINC00470/METTL4	T1D	CKD	4,266 vs. 14,838	1.3 × 10−8	T	C	20.7	(49)
rs72763500	NID1	T2D	DKD	11,327 vs. 7,513	2.6 × 10−8	C	T	0.79	(50)
rs12917707	UMOD	T2D	DKD	11,327 vs. 7,513	4.5 × 10−8	T	G	0.86	(20, 50)
rs538044833c	CCSER1	T1D	CKD	727 vs. 3,962	2.8 × 10−8	C	T	3.0	(51)
rs72831309	TENM2	T1D + T2D	CKD + DKD	4,122 vs. 13,972	9.8 × 10−9	A	G	2.08	(52)
rs55703767	COL4A3	T1D + T2D	DKD	6,705 vs. 15,430	3.6 × 10−11	T	G	0.86	(52)
rs141560952	DIS3L2	Any diabetes vs. healthy controls	CKD	1,194 vs. 9,568	3.6 × 10−9	AGGG	A	192.6	(53)
rs425827	KRT6B	Any diabetes vs. healthy controls	CKD	1,194 vs. 9,568	2.7 × 10−9	A	T	5.31	(53)
rs73038008	PLD1	T1D or T2D	DKD d	1,973 vs. 5,734	1.7 × 10−8	C	T	2.55	(20)
rs77924615	PDILT/UMOD	T1D or T2D	DKD d	1,973 vs. 5,734	7.8 × 10−9	A	G	0.75	(20)
rs75733846	WSCD2	T2D	ESRD e	121 vs. 4,197	3.7 × 10−8	T	C	7.16	(20)
rs559427701	SETDB2	T2D	ESRD e	121 vs. 4,197	4.0 × 10−9	A	C	11.36	(20)
rs62202699	LOC105372639	T2D	Microalbuminuria f	702 vs. 2,210	4.3 × 10−9	T	C	2.97	(20)

SNP: Variant rs-identifier. EA: Effect allele. NEA: non-effect allele. OR: odds ratio. Refs: If multiple references are given, then the data in other columns for the same locus are taken from the first listed reference.

^aNot all controls had diabetes.

^bControls did not have diabetes.

^cIdentified as underlying a linkage peak for DKD.

^dCKD/DKD in self-reported, primary care, hospital, or death records.

^eDialysis or a rise of serum creatinine to 3.3 mg/dl (292 μmol/L).

^fUACR ≥3.4 mg/mmol.