Table 1.
Baseline population characteristics by the adequacy of GWG (n = 1451)
| Characteristics | Gestational weight gain | p a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IWG (n = 170) | AWG (n = 612) | EWG (n = 669) | ||
| Baseline age (years), N (%) | ||||
| <25 | 17 (10.0) | 101 (16.5) | 134 (20.0) | 0.953 |
| 25–30 | 109 (64.1) | 373 (60.9) | 405 (60.5) | |
| 31–34 | 23 (13.5) | 82 (13.4) | 76 (11.4) | |
| ≥35 | 21 (12.4) | 56 (9.2) | 54 (8.1) | |
| Pre‐pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), N (%) | ||||
| Low weight (BMI < 18.5) | 29 (17.1) | 102 (16.7) | 76 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Adequate (BMI 18.5–24.0) | 105 (61.8) | 458 (74.8) | 498 (74.4) | |
| Overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 24.0) | 36 (21.2) | 52 (8.5) | 95 (14.2) | |
| Educational level, N (%) | ||||
| Secondary level or below | 36 (21.2) | 126 (20.6) | 181 (27.1) | 0.016 |
| College level | 57 (33.5) | 228 (37.3) | 235 (35.1) | |
| University level | 60 (35.3) | 218 (35.6) | 217 (32.4) | |
| Graduate level or above | 17 (10.0) | 40 (6.5) | 36 (5.4) | |
| Household income (USD/month) b , N (%) | ||||
| ≤451.65 | 6 (3.5) | 20 (3.3) | 25 (3.7) | 0.857 |
| 451.80–752.85 | 52 (30.6) | 181 (29.6) | 193 (28.8) | |
| 753.00–1505.85 | 75 (44.1) | 289 (47.2) | 302 (45.1) | |
| ≥1506.00 | 37 (21.8) | 122 (19.9) | 149 (22.3) | |
| Smoking status, N (%) | 3 (1.8) | 19 (3.1) | 30 (4.5) | 0.163 |
| Alcohol intake status, N (%) | 8 (4.7) | 42 (6.9) | 61 (9.1) | 0.098 |
| Primiparity, N (%) | 111 (65.3) | 425 (69.4) | 493 (73.7) | 0.056 |
| Primigravida, N (%) | 66 (38.8) | 279 (45.6) | 289 (43.2) | 0.273 |
Abbreviations: AWG, adequate weight gain; BMI, body mass index; CNY, Chinese Yuan; EWG, excessive weight gain; GWG, gestational weight gain; IWG, insufficient weight gain; USD, US Dollar.
a
p value calculated using Pearson's χ 2 test to show differences between the groups of the characteristics. p < 0.05 was set as statistically significant and presented as bold values.
b
1 CNY = 0.1506 USD.