Table 3. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti infection in Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis ticks submitted through passive surveillance, Canada, 2019^a,b.

Pathogen	Infection prevalence
	Ixodes pacificus		Ixodes scapularis
Single agent	Maximum likelihood estimatec
	%	95% CI	%	95% CI
Borrelia burgdorferi	0.3	0.05–0.97	18.8	18.00–19.55
Anaplasma phagocytophilum	N/A	N/A	1.4	1.22–1.70
Babesia microti	N/A	N/A	0.1	0.07–0.22
Any of above	0.3	0.05–0.97	20.0	19.23–20.83
Co-infection	Co-infection rated
	%	Number co-infected ticks/number ticks tested	%	Number co-infected ticks/number ticks tested
Borrelia burgdorferi + Anaplasma phagocytophilum	N/A	N/A	0.28	26/9,171
Borrelia burgdorferi + Babesia microti	N/A	N/A	0.02	2/9,171
Anaplasma phagocytophilum + Babesia microti	N/A	N/A	0.01	1/9,171
Any co-infection	N/A	N/A	0.32	29/9,171

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; N/A, not tested

^a All I. pacificus (n=691) and all I. scapularis from Alberta (n=55) were not tested for A. phagocytophilum and B. microti

^b No passive surveillance was conducted in Yukon, Northwest Territories or Nunavut for I. scapularis or I. pacificus ticks. Passive tick surveillance has been discontinued in the entire province of Nova Scotia, and some regions of Ontario and Québec; however, individuals could submit ticks directly to the National Microbiology Laboratory Branch from these jurisdictions

^c Maximum likelihood estimates of infection prevalence were used to account for pooled testing

^d Co-infection rate was calculated only among single submissions of ticks