Table 4. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti infections in Ixodes scapularis ticks submitted through passive surveillance by submission type and host, Canada, 2019^a.

Characteristic	Infection prevalence Maximum likelihood estimate
	Borrelia burgdorferi		Anaplasma phagocytophilum		Babesia microti		Any of above
	%	95% CI	%	95% CI	%	95% CI	%	95% CI
Submission typeb
Single	18.5	17.71–19.29	1.4	1.20–1.69	0.1	0.07–0.22	19.7	18.92–20.55
Multiple	24.5	20.64–28.69	1.7	0.89–3.06	0.2	0.01–0.82	26.3	22.31–30.70
Hostc
Human	19.2	18.39–20.04	1.3	1.11–1.59	0.1	0.07–0.23	20.4	19.54–21.23
Non-humand	14.7	12.44–17.13	2.6	1.68–3.85	0.1	0.01–0.57	16.7	14.31–19.29

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval

^a No passive surveillance was conducted in Yukon, Northwest Territories or Nunavut for I. scapularis or I. pacificus ticks. Passive tick surveillance has been discontinued in the entire province of Nova Scotia, and some regions of Ontario and Québec; however, individuals could submit ticks directly to the National Microbiology Laboratory Branch from these jurisdictions

^b Single submissions consist of one tick. Multiple submissions consist of two or more ticks submitted together by the same person. All I. scapularis from Alberta were considered single submissions

^c Excludes I. scapularis where host is unknown or missing (n=43)

^d Non-human hosts include dog, cat, environment, horse, rabbit, deer, skunk or other unspecified animal