Table 3.

Univariate and Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Positive Laparoscopy

Characteristic	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p Value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p Value
Age at laparoscopy
>60 y	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
≤60 y	1.76 (1.25–2.47)	0.001	1.82 (1.19–2.79)	0.006
Tumor location
Proximal	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Distal	2.87 (2.07–4.00)	<0.001	2.78 (1.84–4.21)	<0.001
Tumor size
≤20 mm (T1)	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
21 to 40 mm (T2)	3.10 (1.85–5.48)	<0.001	2.33 (1.25–4.32)	0.008
>40 mm (T3)	6.40 (3.69–11.65)	<0.001	2.28 (1.14–4.56)	0.019
Anatomical resectability
Resectable	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
BR/LA	2.12 (1.47–3.13)	<0.001	1.55 (0.96–2.51)	0.07
Indeterminate lesion on imaging
No	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Yes	10.63 (7.11–16.03)	<0.001	6.84 (4.19–11.17)	<0.001
Serum CA 19-9
Normal (<35 U/mL)	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Nonsecretor	2.04 (0.98–4.03)	0.046	1.69 (0.73–3.92)	0.22
Elevated (≥35 U/ml)	2.29 (1.55–3.45)	<0.001	1.69 (1.02–2.81)	0.042
Serum CEA
Normal (≤3.0 ng/mL)	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Elevated (>3.0 ng/mL)	1.66 (1.08–2.55)	0.022	1.19 (0.72–1.99)	0.49
Neoadjuvant therapy
No	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Yes	0.60 (0.43–0.83)	0.002	0.72 (0.47–1.10)	0.13
Peritoneal CA 19-9
Normal (<5 U/mL)	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Elevated (≥5 U/mL)	2.89 (1.76–4.73)	<0.001	1.76 (0.95–3.27)	0.07
Peritoneal CEA
Normal (<0.7 ng/mL)	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Elevated (≥0.7 ng/mL)	6.74 (3.72–12.21)	<0.001	2.94 (1.45–5.93)	0.003

Data presented after multiple imputation for serum CEA, peritoneal CA 19-9, and peritoneal CEA.

BR/LA, borderline resectable/locally advanced.