TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics for each measurement round.
| T1 | T2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Tinnitus, N= 428 | Tinnitus, N=258 | No Tinnitus, N= 193 | Tinnitus, N=142 | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 46.2 (11.1) | 50.3 (10.0) | 48.5 (9.5) | 51.3 (8.7) |
| Range, y | 24 to 64 | 23 to 64 | 29 to 64 | 31 to 64 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 306 (71.5) | 159 (61.6) | 138 (71.5) | 96 (67.6) |
| Male, n (%) | 122 (28.5) | 99 (38.4) | 55 (28.5) | 46 (32.4) |
| Tobacco smoking* | ||||
| Never, n (%) | 208 (48.6) | 115 (44.6) | 112 (58.0) | 63 (44.4) |
| Former, n (%) | 159 (37.1) | 110 (42.6) | 59 (30.6) | 60 (42.3) |
| Current, n (%) | 61 (14.3) | 32 (12.4) | 22 (11.4) | 19 (13.4) |
| Missing, n (%) | — | 1 (0.4) | — | — |
| Educational level | ||||
| Low, n (%) | 35 (8.2) | 26 (10.1) | 7 (3.6) | 11 (7.7) |
| Mid, n (%) | 103 (24.1) | 75 (29.1) | 52 (26.9) | 43 (30.3) |
| High, n (%) | 290 (67.8) | 157 (60.9) | 134 (69.4) | 88 (62.0) |
| Speech recognition in noise (SRT) | ||||
| Mean (SD), dB SNR | −5.1 (3.5) | −3.8 (4.1) | −5.1 (3.5) | −4.2 (4.3) |
| Range, dB SNR | −10.0 to 4.0 | −13.4 to 4.0 | −10.2 to 4.0 | −10.0 to 4.0 |
| Good, n (%) | 262 (61.2) | 109 (42.2) | 115 (59.6) | 81 (57.0) |
| Insufficient, n (%) | 76 (17.8) | 59 (22.9) | 38 (19.7) | 12 (8.5) |
| Poor, n (%) | 90 (21.0) | 90 (34.9) | 40 (20.7) | 49 (34.5) |
| AIADH, median (IQR), score | 12 (3.0–30.8) | 29 (10.8–44.3) | 11 (3.0–29.0) | 26 (8.8–43.3) |
| Range | 0 to 84 | 0 to 80 | 0 to 63 | 0 to 74 |
| Hearing aid | ||||
| Yes, n (%) | 102 (23.8) | 111 (43.0) | 51 (26.4) | 65 (45.8) |
| No, n (%) | 326 (76.2) | 147 (57.0) | 142 (73.6) | 77 (54.2) |
| Cochlear implant | ||||
| Yes, n (%) | 6 (1.4) | 9 (3.5) | 4 (2.1) | 7 (4.9) |
| No, n (%) | 422 (98.6) | 249 (96.5) | 189 (97.9) | 135 (95.1) |
| Tinnitus annoyance, mean (SD) | — | 38.6 (26.1) | — | 37.0 (26.7) |
| Score 0–20, n (%) | — | 90 (34.9) | — | 56 (39.4) |
| Score 21–40, n (%) | — | 59 (22.9) | — | 34 (23.9) |
| Score 41–60, n (%) | — | 51 (19.8) | — | 23 (16.2) |
| Score 61–80, n (%) | — | 49 (19.0) | — | 20 (14.1) |
| Score 81–100, n (%) | — | 9 (3.5) | — | 9 (6.3) |
| Hyperacusis | ||||
| Yes, n (%) | 105 (24.5) | 112 (43.4) | 59 (30.6) | 67 (47.2) |
| No, n (%) | 323 (75.5) | 146 (56.6) | 134 (69.4) | 75 (52.8) |
| Working hours/week, Mean (SD), hours | 34.1 (11.0) | 33.7 (11.2) | 32.9 (11.7) | 33.2 (10.4) |
| Range, hrs | 12–70 | 12–70 | 12–70 | 12–75 |
| NFR, median (IQR), range 0–100 | 36 (9–64) | 55 (18–82) | 36 (9–64) | 55 (18–82) |
| NFR > 54*, n (%) | 165 (38.6) | 133 (51.6) | 81 (42.0) | 81 (57.0) |
| Distress, median (IQR), range 0–32 | 5 (2.0–10.0) | 7 (3.0–14.0) | 5 (2.0–11.0) | 8 (3.8–12.3) |
| Somatization, median (IQR), range 0–32 | 4 (2.0–8.0) | 6 (3.0–10.0) | 4 (2.0–8.0) | 6 (3.0–11.0) |
| Anxiety, median (IQR), range 0–24 | 0 (0.0–1.0) | 0 (0.0–2.3) | 0 (0.0–2.0) | 1 (0.0–2.0) |
| Depression, median (IQR), range 0-12 | 0 (0.0–1.0) | 0 (0.0–1.0) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 (0.0–1.0) |
*
Scores >54 on the NFR scale indicate an increased risk of developing psychological symptoms.
AIADH indicates Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap; IQR, interquartile range; N, number; NFR, need for recovery; SD, standard deviation; SRT, speech reception threshold; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio; T1, first included measurement; T2, second included measurement 5 years after T1.
published online ahead of print December 27, 2022.