Table 3.

NIH grant data and productivity metrics by subspecialty

Subspecialty	Number of grants	Funding, in millions of USD	Publications	Citations	Total grant impact metric	Mean grant impact metric
Adult reconstruction	31	32.1	217	10,163	1001	32 ± 59
Foot and ankle	6	3.6	30	804	93	15 ± 15
Hand and upper extremity	37	52.3	463	12,499	976	26 ± 54
Orthopaedic oncology	36	82.6	586	19,468	1681	47 ± 88
Pediatric orthopaedics	30	23.0	148	6182	771	26 ± 46
Spine	31	39.7	323	9156	813	26 ± 37
Sports medicine	21	28.0	428	17,577	4976	237 ± 521
Trauma	18	14.0	104	4030	491	27 ± 49
General orthopaedics	24	41.9	392	16,505	1821	76 ± 129
Multiple	12	21.1	196	6923	511	43 ± 61

Mean impact data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Funding includes all NIH grants received over the study period after excluding M01 and UL1 grants. Publications are defined as PubMed-indexed published articles. Citations are per the NIH database iCite, which tracks PubMed citations. The total grant impact metric is defined as the summation of all individual grant impact metrics for a given grant type, whereas the mean grant impact metric is the mean of the individual grant impact metrics for a given grant type.