Table 4.

Multivariable binomial logistic regression analysis factors

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	p value
Gender, men	0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)	0.80
Graduate degree (non-MD)
PhD	6 (4 to 11)	< 0.001
MS	3 (1.2 to 6)	0.02
Division
Adult reconstruction	0.7 (0.3 to 1.8)	0.46
Foot and ankle	0.4 (0.1 to 1.4)	0.14
Hand and upper extremity	0.8 (0.3 to 2.2)	0.74
Orthopaedic oncology	2 (0.7 to 5)	0.17
Pediatric orthopaedics	0.6 (0.2 to 1.6)	0.34
Spine	0.6 (0.2 to 1.5)	0.24
Sports medicine	0.7 (0.3 to 1.8)	0.46
Trauma	0.6 (0.2 to 1.5)	0.26
Multiple	0.7 (0.2 to 2.1)	0.51
Professorship
Associate	3 (2 to 6)	< 0.001
Full	9 (5 to 15)	< 0.001
Leadership
Chair or Vice Chair	2 (1.2 to 4)	0.009
Division chief	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	0.59
PD or APD	0.6 (0.2 to 1.5)	0.28
Rank	0.98 (0.97 to 0.99)	< 0.001
Funded PhD	1.4 (0.9 to 2.2)	0.12

The PhD and MS degrees, associate and full professorship, Chair or Vice Chair leadership positions, and higher institutional NIH funding rank were associated with increased proportions of NIH funding. Comparator groups: graduate degree: no additional degree, division: general orthopaedics, professorship: assistant, leadership: no leadership position. Chair or Vice Chair represents department of orthopaedic surgery lead, whereas division chief represents subspecialty lead. PhD = Doctor of Philosophy; MS = Master of Science; PD = residency program director; APD = associate residency program director.