Table 1. Baseline characteristics, risk factors and socioeconomic factors of patients undergoing intermittent fasting (IF) and lowcarbohydrate (low-carb) diet (group I) and ad libitum food intake (control, group II).
| Group I (n=240) (IF and low-carb diet) |
Group II (n=245) (Ad libitum control) |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 48.11±7.58 | 48.64±8.46 | 0.470 | |
| Male gender, n (%) | 123 (51.3%) | 122 (49.8%) | 0.749 | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 73 (30.4%) | 68 (27.8%) | 0.519 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 65 (27.1%) | 77 (31.4%) | 0.293 | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 80 (33.3%) | 78 (31.8%) | 0.725 | |
| Family history of IHD, n (%) | 61 (25.4%) | 64 (26.1%) | 0.859 | |
| Psychosocial stress, n (%) | 53 (22.1%) | 51 (20.8%) | 0.734 | |
| Physical inactivity, n (%) | 86 (35.8%) | 90 (36.7%) | 0.836 | |
| Anti-hypertensive medication, n (%) | 43 (17.9%) | 49 (20.0%) | 0.558 | |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication, n (%) | 66 (27.5%) | 60 (24.5%) | 0.450 | |
| Anti-platelets medication use, n (%) | 22 (9.2%) | 21 (8.6%) | 0.818 | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married, n (%) | 153 (63.8%) | 158 (64.5%) | 0.865 | |
| Separated/Divorced/ Single/ Widow/Widower, n (%) | 87 (36.3%) | 87 (35.5%) | ||
| Income category | ||||
| High income, n (%) | 139 (57.9%) | 129 (52.7%) | 0.244 | |
| Low income, n (%) | 101 (42.1%) | 116 (47.3%) | ||
| Level of education | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher, n (%) | 124 (51.7%) | 112 (45.7%) | 0.190 | |
| High school or less, n (%) | 116 (48.3%) | 133 (54.3%) | ||
| Residence, | ||||
| Urban, n (%) | 133 (55.4%) | 139 (56.7%) | 0.770 | |
| Rural, n (%) | 107 (44.6%) | 106 (43.3%) | ||
| Occupational status, | ||||
| Employed, n (%) | 138 (57.5%) | 147 (60.0%) | 0.576 | |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 102 (42.5%) | 98 (40.0%) | ||
| Health insurance, n (%) | 124 (51.7%) | 128 (52.2%) | 0.899 | |
| Framingham risk score (%) | 8.46 ± 6.98 | 8.71 ± 6.76 | 0.682 | |
IHD: ischemic heart disease.