Table 2. – Standard echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary stress testing.
| Variables | Control | Training | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Basal | 4M | p* | Basal | 4M | p* | |
| Echocardiogram | ||||||
| LA, mm | 37.3±3.7 | 36.6±3.4 | 0.02 | 38.7±3.4 | 38.8±3.3 | 0.63 |
| LVEDD, mm | 50.2±4.3 | 50.0±4.3 | 0.21 | 50.9±3.1 | 51.3±3.5 | 0.38 |
| LVESD, mm | 33.1±5.0 | 31.9±3.9 | 0.05 | 33.6±3.0 | 34.6±4.6 | 0.11 |
| LVEDV, ml | 99.9±23.2 | 99.5±23.5 | 0.66 | 94.3±15.2 | 92.2±16.4 | 0.40 |
| LVESV, ml | 39.6±11.1 | 42.0±10.2 | 0.11 | 42.3±11.5 | 42.6±9.1 | 0.85 |
| LVMI. g/m2 | 90.7±18.6 | 89.7±18.0 | 0.28 | 92.7±16.7 | 92.2±16.4 | 0.88 |
| LVEF, % | 61.3±5.7 | 60.0±5.1 | 0.19 | 60.0±5.9 | 59.6±5.6 | 0.70 |
| WMSI | 1.19±0.19 | 1.16±0.19 | 0.19 | 1.18±0.16 | 1.17±0.18 | 0.39 |
| E Vel, cm/s | 81±24 | 81±22 | 0.89 | 74±0.18 | 74±18 | 0.95 |
| e’ Vel cm/s | 7.1±1.6 | 7.2±1.8 | 0.80 | 6.9±1.7 | 6.9±1.8 | 0.89 |
| E/e’ ratio | 12.1±5.3 | 11.8±4.6 | 0.65 | 11.5±3.9 | 11.6±4.9 | 0.92 |
| E/A ratio | 1.21±0.52 | 1.13±0.39 | 0.34 | 1.09±0.41 | 1.20±0.46 | 0.16 |
| CPX | ||||||
| Exercise duration, secs | 491±93‡ | 593±93 | 0.006 | 524±95‡ | 636±131 | 0.001 |
| Basal HR, bpm | 73±14 | 70±11 | 0.58 | 70±10 | 64±10 | 0.002 |
| Max HR, bpm | 133±22 | 134±15 | 0.84 | 127±19 | 128±19 | 0.78 |
| Basal SBP, mmHg | 124±11 | 119±14 | 0.35 | 120±18 | 117±14 | 0.51 |
| Peak SBP, mmHg | 169±18† | 176±16 | 0.41 | 184±27† | 178±18 | 0.41 |
| Maximal exercise workload, W | 109±43 | 119±48 | 0.11 | 126±49 | 151±65 | 0.007 |
| Peak VO2, ml/kg/min | 20.6±4.6 | 21.7±4.9 | 0.12 | 21.7±5.2 | 23.4±5.9 | 0.04 |
| AT, ml/kg/min | 12.3±2.3 | 13.7±2.4 | 0.08 | 12.3±3.2 | 14.3±3.4 | 0.11 |
| VE, L/min | 59.5±21.3 | 59.4±19.5 | 0.97 | 62.7±18.7 | 69.2±20.4 | 0.93 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD. LA: left atrium; LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVFSF: left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV:left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; WMSI: wall motion score index; E Vel: transmitral E wave velocity; e’ Vel:septal e’ wave velocity; A Vel: transmitral A wave velocity. HR indicates heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; VO2: oxygen consumption; AT: anaerobic threshold; VE: minute volume. *Paired Student´s t test. ‡p=0.02, unpaired Student’s t test, for comparison with CONTROL basal. †p=0.04, unpaired Student’s t test, for comparison with.