Table 1.
Characteristics of the included participants (N = 237).
| Variables | Overall, n (%) | Long COVID, n (%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 56) | Yes (n = 181) | |||
| Sex | 0.074a | |||
| Male | 59 (24.9) | 19 (33.9) | 40 (22.1) | |
| Female | 178 (75.1) | 37 (66.1) | 141 (77.9) | |
| Age in years | 0.937b | |||
| 18–30 | 92 (38.8) | 23 (41.1) | 69 (38.1) | |
| 31–59 | 131 (55.3) | 30 (53.6) | 101 (55.8) | |
| ≥60 | 14 (5.9) | 3 (5.4) | 11 (6.1) | |
| Skin color | 0.086b | |||
| White | 213 (89.9) | 46 (82.1) | 167 (92.3) | |
| Mixed | 14 (5.9) | 6 (10.7) | 8 (4.4) | |
| Black | 10 (4.2) | 4 (7.1) | 6 (3.3) | |
| Highest education achievement | 0.632a | |||
| High school or less | 66 (27.8) | 17 (30.4) | 49 (27.1) | |
| University degree or higher | 171 (72.2) | 39 (69.6) | 132 (72.9) | |
| Conjugal situation | 0.387a | |||
| Living with partner | 158 (66.7) | 40 (71.4) | 118 (65.2) | |
| Living alone | 79 (33.3) | 16 (28.6) | 63 (34.8) | |
| Daily routine during pandemic | 0.161b | |||
| Stayed at home always | 11 (4.6) | 3 (5.4) | 8 (4.4) | |
| Left home to essentials only | 160 (67.5) | 43 (76.8) | 117 (64.6) | |
| Left home all days | 66 (27.8) | 10 (17.9) | 56 (30.9) | |
| Chronic conditions, yes (%) | 141 (59.5) | 29 (51.8) | 112 (61.9) | 0.179a |
| Reduced income during pandemic, yes (%) | 100 (42.2) | 20 (35.7) | 80 (44.2) | 0.261a |
| COVID-19 vaccine | 0.866b | |||
| Two doses | 19 (8.0) | 4 (7.1) | 15 (8.3) | |
| Three doses | 131 (55.3) | 33 (58.9) | 98 (54.1) | |
| Four doses | 87 (36.7) | 19 (33.9) | 68 (37.6) | |
| Physical activity before pandemic | 0.035a | |||
| No | 118 (49.8) | 21 (37.5) | 97 (53.6) | |
| Yes | 119 (50.2) | 35 (62.5) | 84 (46.4) | |
| Physical activity during pandemic | 0.015a | |||
| No | 170 (71.7) | 33 (58.9) | 137 (75.7) | |
| Yes | 67 (28.3) | 23 (41.1) | 44 (24.3) | |
| Change in physical activity status | 0.017b | |||
| Sustained inactive | 95 (41.5) | 17 (31.5) | 78 (44.6) | |
| Become inactive | 67 (29.3) | 14 (25.9) | 53 (30.3) | |
| Become active | 15 (6.6) | 2 (3.7) | 13 (7.4) | |
| Sustained active | 52 (22.7) | 21 (38.9) | 31 (17.7) | |
Physical activity before the pandemic was assessed retrospectively during wave 1 (June 2020).
Physical activity during the pandemic was assessed during wave 1 (June 2020).
a
Pearson's Chi-squared.
b
Fisher exact.